why are refugees treated differently

Snohomish County couple providing relief to Ukraine amid Russia conflict. Albagir, a male refugee from Sudan, and one of his co-travelers struggle to cross into Poland. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. In responding to refugee crises and surges in asylum applications, the EU has struggled to maintain unity and solidarity among member states. All rights reserved. Refugee The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. LIMBONG: Mahdis Keshavarz is a board member with the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association, which put out a statement criticizing this framing, which Keshavarz says relies on old tropes. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. For example, the EUs asylum policy prioritizes Syrians over other nationalities, including Iraqis and Afghanis, even though they all face similar levels of violence in their home countries. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. In this post, I discuss new research by Helen Landmann and colleagues in Germany, which has examined the reasons people use to justify anti-refugee hostility. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. The Italian government has at times closed its ports to foreign boats carrying rescued migrants. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. Americans see Afghan and Ukrainian refugees very differently. Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration. When I called the Swedish immigration authorities (Migrationsverket) to verify this, their press person acknowledged that not many asylum seekers are working, but indicated that only few asylum seekers make use of the temporary work permits in the first place. The Supreme Court hears arguments today on President Bidens student loan forgiveness plan; John F. Cogan and Michael McConnell discuss their amicus brief opposing it. This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. She is interested in comparative politics, immigration law, and German. Swiss Justice Minister Karin Keller-Sutter predicted that up to 50,000 people from Ukraine would arrive in the country before June to date, the highest number of war refugees to enter Switzerland in the 21st century. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. What does Turkey get in return for taking care of Europes deported lot? 90 RB 0022). Its an undertaking thats demonstrated the ability of the U.S. government to bring tens of thousands of refugees to safety in America and marshal local resources to help them resettle in their new home. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. The Ukraine crisis may serve as a reminder that migration policy should be based on more careful collection of data. Here, Laitin discusses how the experience of Ukrainian refugees compares to those fleeing other conflicts and difficulties, such as those escaping civil war in Syria and economic hardship in North Africa. Melissa De Witte, Stanford News Service: mdewitte@stanford.edu, The researchers created maps showing where warmer weather has left trees in conditions that dont suit them, making them more prone to being replaced by other species. The Century Foundation takes your data security and privacy seriously. While this study indicates anti-Muslim bias among government officials, a similar 2016 study suggests that regular citizens exhibit similar tendencies. A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home because of war, violence or persecution, often without warning. How to Handle People Who Are Eternally Evasive, Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters, No Dr. Spock for Black Parents: Lessons From Tyre Nichols, Research Shows Why Attractive People Are More Narcissistic. Is it a vague feeling of hostility or does it stem from specific unpleasant experiences or future worries? Several studies suggest the increase of an active work force will benefit the EUs GDP. Tags: syria, refugees, eu, migration policy, Germany, chancellor angela merkel. Zelensky is part of a community of Jews in Ukraine, some 200,000 strong, with historical and cultural ties to Israel, based on a long legacy of anti-Jewish pogroms and persecution in the country . RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Ukrainian refugees will not be as burdened by systemic failures in European migration policy as were the Syrians and North Africans in 2014-15. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. Refugee agencies fear up to five million of Ukrainians could try to flee across the border as Russia's war intensifies and casualties mount. Job insecurity, poverty, and hunger can leave people with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. KESHAVARZ: And I think one very dangerous thing that we're seeing is - and it bears asking the question - is, have journalists become so desensitized to the suffering of different peoples of color, specifically people that are in war zones, that we're no longer seeing on the same level playing field? as many EU members have already acknowledged, dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility, could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds, http://www.cfr.org/syria/assessing-syrian-refugee-crisis/p33595, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: Existential Crises, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: My Life as a Muslim Brother, Order from Ashes Podcast: The Earthquake, Cholera, and Borders, The Systems That Drive Corruption and Terrorism, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: No Identity, Q&A: Netanyahus Total War on Israels Judiciary. Editor's note: Last year, thousands of asylum seekers and migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia found themselves used as pawns in a political showdown between Belarus and the EU: stuck in a dense forest along the Polish-Belarusian border and pushed back and forth by security services as temperatures plummeted below zero. That's what makes it so shocking. The 2014-15 refugees had no such rights. Second, under the EUs temporary protection directive, any Ukrainian national who flees as a result of the invasion, plus his or her partners and children of any nationality, may receive permission to stay in any EU country for one year; previously, a Ukrainian passport permitted visa-free entry into the EU for only up to 90 days. The U.S. government has committed to resettle tens of thousands of Afghan and Ukrainian refugees. Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. Ukrainians enjoy more lenient entry requirements, refugee reception centers offering essentials, easier travel within the EU, and free public transportation and phone services. These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. But we could see White people going through. A Nigerian student added, Theyre pushing us back just because were Black!Were all humanThey should not discriminate against us because of the colour of our skin. Racism against POC fleeing Ukraine exposes differential treatment even among refugees fleeing the same conflict, suggesting that European solidarity is skin-deep. Unlike Ukraine, the Assad regime in Syria was authoritarian, corrupt, and violent. Broadly, what does your research reveal about the publics attitude toward refugees? They can even enter Slovakia and Poland without papers, countries displaying potent anti-refugee sentiments during the 2015 Syrian refugee crisis. EU leaders who focus on migration have mostly been concerned with arrivals from Africa, and they have pursued policies to deter these migrants. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Similarly, as many EU members have already acknowledged, it is neither fair nor sustainable to let Mediterranean frontier states such as Greece and Italy, already crumpling under financial debt, host the bulk of the incoming asylum seekers. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. Meanwhile, Poland erected a border fence, started to build a wall, passed legislation to make entry more difficult, and only accepted about 5.7 percent of asylum applications in 2020. At least 2.5 million people need humanitarian assistance. All refugees deserve. We need to demystify refugees cultural practices so they appear less threatening. Since it was first implemented in March 2020, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers have been turned away. While EU members bicker over how to define, manage, and ultimately dispose of their new work-eager guests, asylum seekers themselves are finding innovative ways to avoid the system and gain access to the labor market so they can accomplish what they came for: Continue their life as best they can, even if on temporary grounds. Since Russia invaded Ukraine one month ago on Feb. 24, nearly 3.5 million people have fled Ukraine, and should the conflict continue, an additional 5 million more refugees will likely flee from the country within a year a rate that is nearly five times as fast as the flow of refugees from Syria and North Africa, says Stanford immigration policy scholar David Laitin. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. At a time when Western states are highly concerned with maintaining influence in the Middle Eastern debacle, excluding people from their shores seems ill-advised. Other EU countries are now considering taking similar steps. If there are too many refugees being housed in hotels, it's because the home office has been shown to be incapable of processing people quickly and letting them earn their own living. Stanford University. Since 9/11, far-right terrorists have killed more people in the United States than Islamic jihadists. Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. The other hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of girls and young women who survived the journey are still in Kakuma Refugee Camp. The asylum program works to provide refugee protection to people in Canada who: have a well-founded fear of persecution or. An additional . Moving forward, these new policies and attitudes towards people seeking refuge should be the norm . In fact, research from the European Parliament shows that the latest migration inflow has not increased unemployment, but rather led to a growth in higher-wage jobs for native workers, as refugees and migrants primarily take over low-wage jobs. By welcoming Ukrainian refugees and imposing economic sanctions on Russia, the EU has demonstrated its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and opposition to Russian aggression without direct military intervention. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. That's why we want you to know that, when you visit our website, we use technologies like cookies to collect anonymized data so that we can better understand and serve our audience. In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from. If you are an immigrant, particularly a recent refugee or asylum seeker, you may have already asked this question many times after having experienced prejudice, racism, and discrimination. According to new research, many asylum seekers experience discrimination on the Swedish labor market. Some refugee families say they aren't being treated the same as families fleeing from Ukraine. Since anger and hostility toward refugees might be related to the perception of injustice as well, we need to address feelings of injustice related to the obligation of accepting refugees and foreigners. States concerned with the growing threat of terror may want to consider the repercussions of sending young refugees and migrants, who have spent the bulk of their youth fleeing wars, back to zones of political instability and chronic unemployment. Millions of Ukrainians are living in unimaginable terror; but thankfully the countrys refugees will face a more accommodating Europe than did those who sought similar protection a decade earlier. For example, Orbn seeks to establish a Christian democracy in Hungary, and he has stated that Christian and Muslim society will never unite. This potent anti-Muslim, Christian supremacy rhetoric explains why Hungary welcomes Christian Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Africa and the Middle East. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been granted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status). Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A. Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., & Gaucher, D. (2017). Bulgarian Prime Minister Kiril Petkov recently drew a distinct line between the two groups, justifying differential treatment and fostering a sense of Ukrainian exceptionalism: Underscoring this justification is Islamophobia; Ukrainian refugees are primarily Christian, while refugees from Syria and North Africa are mostly Muslim. Albagir is given beatings, and the Maslovas are given bread. attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? The International Monetary Fund has also urged the EU to lift labor restrictions on refugees and migrants, and reward employers for providing them employment. Most are Ukrainians, but some are students . D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains, specify that asylum seekers can only be employed, to be recognized by the national labor system, many asylum seekers experience discrimination, perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system, 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy, argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year. She said she told U.S. officers that she was a victim of violence in her home country and requested asylum at the U.S. border. Why? There were 89.3 millionpeople forcibly displaced world-wide at the end of 2021. Accuracy and availability may vary. Border patrol agent seen holding whip during encounter with Haitian migrants, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers, Biden immigration hypocrisy on full display as he tells Haitians fleeing chaos not to come, The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern, Thousands of Afghan refugees await new homes in U.S. airbases, has 14 days to implement the court ruling, arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan, received medical screenings and access to vaccinations. While a federal judge on Thursday blocked the Biden administration from enforcing Title 42 for migrant families, the administration still has 14 days to implement the court ruling, and in any case is appealing the decision. "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". It especially from Asia and Africa, to understand that Lebanon has a racism problem that goes beyond the discrimination of refugees. Every threat type was correlated with unfavorable views of migration and refugees and with favoring more restrictive control of migration. For instance, the culture the original Irish immigrants brought with them has evolved and mixed with the American culture. The Detail asks why they are treated differently to refugees coming in through the quota system? Chancellor Angela Merkel is facing her biggest political crisis to date over this issue, with over 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy. Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. Notwithstanding, numerous other treaties - dealing with human rights, refugees, stateless people and the protection of political, civil and economic rights -indirectly afford protection for migrants; unfortunately, all too often, receiving countries flout these obligations. Those seeking security at our southern border should not be treated any differently. Barbed political rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans. Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic refused to accept asylum seekers the EU attempted to relocate from Italy and Germany. This absence of a commitment to a particular side may have reduced the reputational incentives to help affected refugees. Not so today in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. But several EU countries have implemented labor restrictive measures to avoid this. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Copyright 2022 NPR. The EU report challenges her statement by showing that, rather than signifying asylum seekers lack of desire to work, the slow inclusion of asylum seekers into the labor market is a result of poor implementation: Many employers in Sweden are simply not aware that asylum seekers are allowed to work. In late August, my colleagues from Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico traveled to the Mexican border with Guatemala to accompany those expelled from the U.S. on one of these flights. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. The impact of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, and Asian refugees fleeing Ukraine are treated. However, IPL research has found that Europeans care deeply about fairness in the EU asylum system, and that large majorities would support a plan to allocate asylum seekers in proportion to each countrys capacity, even if that meant their own country would receive more. Of those, 1.1 million are children, For example in Germany and Sweden, so-called priority reviews specify that asylum seekers can only be employed if there are no suitable national or EU-citizens available for the job. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. Over the past decade, mostly in collaboration with his Stanford colleague James Fearon, Laitin has published several papers on ethnicity, ethnic cooperation, the sources of civil war and policies that work to settle civil wars. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. She told us that she shared the name of a family member in California, and then boarded a plane, believing she would be safe and with her family in the U.S. soon. About 18,000 refugees from Ukraine have arrived in Switzerland so far, with tens of thousands more expected by summer. Shooting, detaining, torturing, and executing protestors, Assad forcefully crushed pro-democracy protests during the Arab Spring. Extensive international coverage of the crisis in Ukraine also has geopolitical consequences. Given its magnitude, the Ukraine crisis may prompt leaders to consider policies that cast a wider lens, Laitin said. Among those were27.1 million refugees, half under the age of 18 (21.3 million refugees under . 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Is interested in comparative politics, immigration law, and the Czech Republic refused to asylum... From Africa and the Middle East policies to deter these migrants Ukraine also has geopolitical consequences benefit EUs... Led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with tens of of... Being welcomed brought with them has evolved and mixed with the American culture a to! Has geopolitical consequences responding to refugee crises and surges in asylum applications the... Syrian refugee crisis North Africans in 2014-15 EUs GDP help affected refugees to... People with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean providing relief Ukraine. A reminder that migration policy as were the Syrians and North Africans in 2014-15 citizens exhibit tendencies... Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming.... 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why are refugees treated differently