This noise they kept up sans intermission. Birds were easily secured and were an abundant part of the daily meal. My great-great-great grandmother belonged to the Gringai group of the Won- narua people. He did not own the land, the land owned him.. In the Wonnarua dreamtime the Hunter Valley was created by the great spirit, Baime (Byamee). Any use of the language materials, and historical records, should be done in consultation with the WNAC. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. The men invariably carried their tomahawks In their belts, and a piece of grass- tree gum, which latter seemed to be an indispensable part of their equipment This exudation of the pummirri had so many uses that no blackfellow could be without his supply ready at hand. The blossoms of the honeysuckle provided nectar, as did that of the grass tree, and of the latter children were especially fond (Dawson 1830:244). Creating a family tree on Microsoft word is simple and straightforward. Great care was exercised in selecting the right tree for the purpose as any fault, caused by a knot or protuberance, would spoil the value of the sheet when stripped. 4 0 obj All the men, except the guardians, now return to the fire and stand on the green bushes in turn, until they have all been smoked. His depictions were not of the Gringai, but the assumption is made that the Gringai shared some of the ways of dress with the Indigenous Browne depicts. During the early part of each day, the men go out hunting, and bring home the results of the chase, consisting of kangaroos, iguanas, birds, and other game, as well as wild honey. The Family Tree offers users a free family tree template featuring multiple tree and fan chart views, timeline and mapping tools, record hints and research helps, and access to . As the neophytes are held. When it is thought that they have seen this sufficiently, they are requested to turn their faces towards the ground as before. The twin hills across the river from Dungog were called Cooreei or Cooreal. The mothers wave their yamsticks, and when the men and boys come near, the women shout, and throw pieces of bark over the mens heads. When within six miles of the station Pumpkin Creek the soldiers refused to proceed further, fearing an ambush. The blacks had very strong voices. When nearly through, smoke would begin to rise, whereupon the efforts of the operator would be re-doubled. The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. He is a Koori Further Notes on the Worimi By W. J. Eleven blacks were killed and the child recovered. a stir when a detachment entered the circle, and with dancing, yelling, and gesticulations, and brandishing of arms at intervals, all made a rush to the fire, yelling, and jumping on it until extinguished, when they retired. The latter, he continued, were of robust growth and at this season of the year laden with its clustered Capsules which I am informed are gathered by the Aborigines, who roast and eat them after the manner of Maise. The kackaroo (ceremonial ground) was surrounded by carved trees and bushes. On the floor of the canoe, usually at the stern, there would be the inevitable mound of clay, the floating fireplace. There is one chorus that I well remember, for it was sung nightly, over and over again, by the whole tribe. address Ganghat became anathema to the tribe a valley of death. By scratches on the bark and other signs not comprehensible to a white person, they would select the forest giant in which the little animal had made his home. WNAC focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the wellbeing of its members and managing investments to sustain the . In an article The Kattang, (kutthung) or Worimi: An Aboriginal Tribe by W. J Enright March 1932 Mankind p. 76) [Enright states]. of two men. About this fire, and in lines radiating from the centre like spokes of a wheel, were a number of naked blacks, their heads bowed to the earth. The fear that this race inspired in the natives of localities adjoining their boundaries reached as far as Dungog, and twenty years ago when Brandy was the last of his tribe in the district he would often mention with apparently genuine fear, the possibility of a raid by the wild blacks from the west. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. white stone to be carried back to the headman who sent him. [1], The Gringai are a known clan of the Wonnarua people, whose traditional lands are the Allyn River valley,[9] and include what is now known as Dungog, Paterson, Gresford, Brookfield,[7] Tocal,[10] to the headwaters of the Williams and Chichester rivers. There is none left now of the populous tribe that once inhabited the district, and the sole surviving relic, poor, unfortunate Brandy passed to the care of the great spirit, Coen, more than fifteen years ago. To maintain the blaze the simple expedient was adopted of pushing a long pole into the flames, and shoving it forward from time to time as the top wag consumed. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. That, so far as I can recollect, concluded that particular ceremony. It will be seen how easily the blacks word Tugag pronounced by them Toon- gang was corrupted. Mr Angus McDonald, who was living at Underbank House could remember a camp of over 300 on Canningalla estate. Almost every evening one of the tribes present gets up a corroboree for the amusement of the others. See Google Map https://goo.gl/maps/4PwZb8sMZHo. The woman about to be married made a camp and a fire, to which the man was led by his father or any old man of the tribe. Venerable men, and men of distinction were buried with much ceremony, but ordinary members of the tribe, and females, were disposed of in a perfunctory man- ner. Mr. F. A. Fitzpatric, a man remembered with respect as the editor of the Wingham Chronicle wrote a book which he called Pioneer Days on the Manning . Here a halt is made, and the keerang start away back to the womens camp, and report that the men and boys will arrive in a few hours time. The affair took place on the flat about 100 yards south of Camerons fence. Climactically the upper tooth was extracted by an elder and the slightest indication of objection or pain resulted in ridicule. . Most of these plants would have occurred somewhere in the Hunter Region, and probably constituted part of Aboriginal diet in those areas. The women belonging. Amid dust, sparks and smoke this wild revel went on until the fire was completely obliterated. "It may be that the relocation partially mitigates the loss, but this is not evident in the statements of interviewed Wonnarua people," it said. was open to attack from the Wallamba and Cape Hawke blacks [who] raided the run and speared the stock, driving many of the cattle [to the]unknown brushy headwaters of the Myall and Crowford to Bundbach, on the northern shores of Port Stephens. While the ceremonies were in progress, there would be an incessant noise of the bull-roarers (flat notched sticks whirled at the end of a cord to drive off debbil- debbils, keep the women at a distance, and impart the correct amount of terror to the trembling lads who were soon to become men. A complete guide to the Duttons, from 1883 to Yellowstone. 101 0 obj <>stream There I. saw a large fire burning in the centre of a cleared oval space. As- suming that the invitation has been accepted, the initiator immediately commences to prepare the keeparra ground, and dispatches another set of messengers, each of whom are on this occasion provided with a bull-roarer (goonandhakeea), several tails or kilts, a belt, and other articles. The Wonnarua. Attention: This site does not support the current version of your web browser. At Port Stephens the tribe was happily situated in the matter of provender. Included in the WNAC agreements are health, education, employment and welfare benefits to flow from mining rights grants to Centennial Coal, Ashton Mine, and from Newcastle Coal. This was usually done immediately after birth by the mother or some of the old women of the tribe, and as tho practice is common among blacks in all parts of the continent it can be accepted that this marked feature of the aboriginal physiognomy is thought to be beautiful. For most people, when they see a family tree chart, all they see are interesting pieces of history to help them learn about where someone came from. Their hair would be closely cropped; they would be covered with grease and charcoal, and their whole appearance would be as though they had indeed undergone some tremendous mental and physical strain.I have been told that circumcision was practiced among the coastal blacks in the early days, but during my time at Port Stephens this was never part of the ceremonies, nor was it ever the custom to knock out one of the front teeth of the initiates, although this was done in the early twenties when the A. Some language documentation may also record words and meanings inaccurately. The bearer, John McIntosh, ranger for our Association, will conduct any party that you will be pleased to send in the direction they are reported to be in. The language spoken around Newcastle and Lake Macquarie called by the aborigines Awaaba was much the same, and the whole language was named Kurring-gai by some, and Awaabakal by others. They undermined the roots on the river side, and waited for a flood, then guided the tree to where they wanted it, but you would need to read her book to understand. Kiripit (now Rawdon Vale) 26 miles west of Glouces- ter, was then a sheep station, managed by Robert Mackenzie, afterwards Sir Robert. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 18 Mar 1927 Page 5 Early Days Of Port Stephens. In this section, explore all the different ways you can be a part of the Museum's groundbreaking research, as well as come face-to-face with our dedicated staff. The attack on the home station failed through the attackers mistaking the crack of a bullock whip for a gunshot. By this time the keerang have reached the clear space at the keelaybang, where they throw down their bushes and spread out in a line in front of the novices, and jump about, swaying their arms, after which they retire to one end of the camp. It is sometimes suggested that Baiame was a construct of early Christian missionaries, but K Langloh Parker dated belief in Baiame to (at latest) 1830, prior to missionary activity in the region. As a feat of agility it was more than ordinarily remarkable. Stings never seemed to trouble them beyond a shake of their woolly head and a squeak. Even in moments of most poignant agony they would evince a stoicism that was heroic. Strings are bound tightly round the upper arms of the novices to make their muscles swell, which is supposed to cause their arms to grow stronger. The blacks attack on Kiripit homestead was averted by the merest accident. The person carried off tries to cry out, but cannot, feeling almost choked; at daylight Coen disappears, and the black finds himself conveyed safely to his own fireside. The Queen [women], so far as I could ascertain, were marked some- what similarly on the back and across the tops of the shoulders. and other materials from their communities that are in the collections, and access to cultural material. There were blacks present from Port Stephens, Gloucester, the Allyn and Paterson Rivers. Flash Tommy was almost killed and lay insensible for several days. Before being lowered into the grave the medicine man, standing at the head, spoke to the corps to find out who caused its death, and he received answers from the other medicine men at the foot. If, on the contrary, the tribe to whom the white stone was sent consider the time inopportune, or that there are other weighty reasons for post-poning the general gathering, no white stone is returned by the messenger, and the initiator then knows that they do not approve of his proposal, and the matter lapses for the present. The women then assemble at the kweealbang fire, and assist the men to cut bark and bushes, which are laid in a ring round the fire ready for use by and bye. After these singular appetisers, the chief would throw the carcase on the fire and leave the game to cook. With no knowledge of science to aid them, with only the most primitive ideas of handicraft as white men comprehend it, they could do a vast quantity of very excellent work in a very brief space of time. Turning my horse I rode quietly around the hill and up its side opposite from the camp. Change the target language to find translations. It was roasted in the ashes and pounded to a paste between two stones. One author [anonymous] used a crossed d to denote a td sound. Re the name of Canningalla being called after Lord Canning. Wildlife dwindled. [August 2, 1830] - the blacks at Lawlers station had made an attack on the sheep, and had speared Delaney, I immediately sent to request Mr. Donelan to. The second is the spelling of Indigenous words. SmartDraw's family tree template starts you with a basic family structure already on the page. These men, armed with their boomerangs and nulla-nullas, then start towards the kackaroo, some of them taking up their position on one side of the ring, and some on the other, but the majority of them stand near the front of it-that is, on the side from which the path emerges. All these operations are carried out as speedily as practicable, so as not to keep the women - some of whom have infants at their breasts - any longer under such rigorous concealment than is necessary. They had a simple and quick method of their own, that used by their forefathers through centuries of time, one indeed common to savage peoples all over the world, the creating of a spark by the friction of two pieces of wood rubbed together. The up-country blacks took no part In this part of the ceremony, one of them informing me that the branch breaking was never done in his part of the district at the poombit making. Ethnological series No. Boggle. Barrallier (1802:81-82) observed at Newcastle that the Aborigines ate the roots of Fern [which he surprised a youth in the act of collecting] and a sort of root or yam. who fully believed in an after existence, and told me many curious and interesting legends, especially one relating to the stars. The patient was seated or placed in a reclining position on the ground. Renowned historian and Wonnarua descendant, James Miller explains in his book Koori a Will to Win: The land held the key to life's secrets. The men and boys who remained at the water-hole or creeL in the busl, as soon as the keerang left them, proceeded to wash the coloring matter off their bodies. They were distributed over the district in local groups known as Nurra were were located [in villages] at distances about [12 kilometres apart]. The lads of the tribe were my playfellows. Many of these objects are on display in our First Nations galleries, Garrigarrang and Bayala Nura. The belt and four tails or kilts are now put upon each boy, as well as head-bands, and bands across the body. The men of one tribe dance one evening - their women beating time for them; the next night the men and women of another tribe provide the evenings amusement. The principal piece would be about two feet In length and about half-an-inch In diameter, from the front of which would be removed a narrow strip of the outer shell exposing the hardened pith. These arrivals generally take place in the afternoon a few hours before sundown. Sir, I do myself the honor to state to you for the information of His Excel- lency the Governor that a formal complaint was made to me a few days ago, by a respectable person in this neighbourhood in favor of five aborigines whose names are in the margin [Derby, Purser, and three others]. Discover your family history. Hall and Mr. Darch followed them soon after, the whole party intending to go on to Gloucester to-night, as soon as the moon rises. That night they camp in sight of the mens quarters, and each succeeding night they come a little closer, until at last they get right into the single mens camp. The men belonging to the local tribe and other mobs, if any, who have arrived previously - who may be called the hosts, repair from the main camp to the goonambang, and sit down within it, having their faces turned in the direction of the camp. Free, in-person guidance at any one of over 5,000 FamilySearch centers. Inland from the Awabakal was the Geawegal tribe, whose country was part of the valley of the Hunter River, extending to each lateral watershed and from twenty to thirty miles along the valley on each side of Glendon. has publicly denounced the use of the word Guringai. In 1892, Fraser republished his work and this time modified [Gringai] to Kur- ringgai and said the group occupied the coast for a long distance north and south of Newcastle. This Flash Tommy used to put on a long white shirt and walk up and down the town saying he was Tommy Gorton. Mr Gorton was the Magistrate at the time. The foreshores were covered with oysters, which formed a staple part of the diet. This stiffened the carcase fairly effectively, thus making it more convenient to carry over the shoulders, a factor appreciated by the man that had to bear the burden for per- haps many a weary mile. 3.- The greatest decrease has been among children and women. The branch of the tribe inhabiting the Cape Hawke district and those located along the Barrington River valley early evinced decided hostility towards the incom- ing settlers, with whom the Cape Hawke [Forster] natives came into open conflict at Waterloo [just north of Bunyah] on the Upper Wallamba resulting in a bloodless victory for the natives. A letter published in the Dungog Chronicle, by an RJ Hector in 1906 and based on a list of local aboriginal words originally compiled in the 1840s. There were formerly several marked trees, around the goonambang, but they have all been burnt down and destroyed by bushfires. Scott Franks, of the Plains Clans Wonnarua People (PCWP), believedthe colonial past of the RavensworthEstateinvolvedthe brutal massacre of First Nations people. [There was] a fight between the Wallamba tribe and a portion of the Kabook (Gloucester, Barrington, Rawdon Vale tribes). . Celebrated Fisherman of New South Wales, in a canoe the woman sitting down is supposed to be is [sic] wife. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p6-7. They were not over-particular about the thoroughness with which the delicacy was cooked. [This] is not only a scandal and a disgrace to the district but lead[s] to much ill-blood and foul murder itself. The edges of the space were raised about nine inches. The blacks had an uneering instinct for spot- ting a tree that harbored a possum. Aborigines of the Hunter Valley Helen Brayshaw - https://goo.gl/rNPyFY. On one occasion my father, having caught several of the youths in the act of purloining some of these delectables, remonstrated with them, and upbraided them sternly for stealing. The Grengai tribe were possessed of a wonderful marriage law, which prevented relations from marrying, and this law extends to Queensland. The Melanesian cultural area is the nearest neighbour of Australian and the museum holds a significant collection of cultural material from Melanesian nations. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collection, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station. The company has spent more than$15 million formulating plans for the project, which includemoving the homestead to a nearby farm, or the town of Broke, 35km away. The Baiame story tells how Baiame came down from the sky to the land and created rivers, mountains, and forests. Two old men, and two of the elder women, now go inside the ring, of men and boys, and walk round - a man and a woman going one way, and the other man and woman going in the contrary direction. When one of these messengers arrives at the camp of the tribe he has been directed to summon, he sits down in sight of the mens quarters, and some of them go over to him, knowing by his manner that he is the bearer of news to their tribe. They also believed that the koradji were possessed of wonderful supernatural powers and besides bringing disaster to others could affect cures of all manner of ills among theIr own tribe. In my days they had progressed beyond the stage when they used the old stone tool, The tomahawk of the early days was a good deal different from the one in common use now. Such is far from being the case, for they had [a] keen an ear for melody That they understood harmonisation I am able to vouch for, and there were popular melodies, some quite catchy, in their repertoire What accompani- ment was played to their songs was contributed by means of the gentle clashing together of boomerangs or spears, the rhythmic beating making a not unpleasant obligato to the lusty choruses they sang. Of course, the poor devils paid very dearly for this as the whites practically massacred the whole lot of them at MacKenzie Cliffs (Kerripit River), in 38. Some of the old men go round to see that the food for the novices is prepared according to rule, and when it is ready the guardians carry it to them. This station was In the care of 4 or 5 unarmed men (convicts). These spirits were supposed to dwell in the bodies of the medicine men. His bad attributes remained with the corpse. H e explained that he never felt a hit from a nullah, and only realised he had been struck when he noticed the blood streaming down his [face]. A man standing at the butt of the tree commences to cut steps as if going to climb it, and a few of the men run about and throw sticks at the [possums] tail. One man, Green, escaped to Underbank after a flight of over 25 miles; the last spear was thrown almost in sight of Underbank House. A vivid chapter in the earliest history of Glen William deals with the wiping out of a tribe of blacks, and Black Camp of to-day doubtless takes its name from it. These men in their old days never forgot how to fish, and were never satisfied unless they brought home two or three monster perch. 188.-THEHUNTER RIVER. Warning: This article contains content that some readers may find distressing. The upper stone was a water- worn basalt pebble flattened on one side only from use: It was used for grinding seeds, including those of the Kurrajong and it is the first I have seen from eastern New South Wales. . Always my requests to be informed what they contained or what they meant were met with blank refusals. "It offers insights into the contestation between the traditional dwellers and early colonisation, the contestation between master and convict, the contestation between the land, agricultureand industry," she said. Tra ditional hunting grounds were depleted, and sacred sites were destroyed. The tribe had no special leader or chief during my memory of them, the older. A hole was dug in easy soil in a well shaded locality, about two-feet deep and circular. The edible fruits found in the Barrington Tops area include: orange thorn, wild apple tree, giant stinging tree, figs, native cherry, geebung, na tive raspberry, lillypilly and medicines like Kangaroo apple and corkwood. The constables and soldiers arrived at Lawlers hut and were to sleep there this night and in the morning begin their search for the blacks. The English word games are: At this stage the coverings were removed from the women, all of whom were covered in perspiration, as much the sweat of fear probably as of the heat of the day. 30 Editable Family Tree Templates [100% Free] March 27, 2021 8 Mins Read. It was this ordeal that tested their physical and emotional abilities almost to breaking point. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. I have seen it. There were short boards nailed across the dangerous parts. When they are all assembled, a bull- roarer is sounded, and they march along the track in single file to the kackaroo, inside of which the women are dancing, having gathered there when they heard the bull- roarer. With these birds and animals,usually well trained, they would amuse themselves for hours, indulging in fits of mirth at the antics and feats of their pets. Of course, the whites could not for their own safety allow such an event to pass without in some way punishing the blacks, but the way they did retaliate must appear to us moderns as shockingly cruel but unfortunately for themselves the blacks were looked upon by the early settlers as vermin fit only to be destroyed. The Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation (WNAC) was established in 1999 and represents the Wonnarua people, the traditional land owners of the Hunter Valley of New South Wales (NSW). Plains Clans of the Wonnarua People A5410(x) Xerox copy of The History of Bulga near Singleton N.S.W. "The details are horrific Cato [an Indigenous man] was impaled on the front fence of the homestead, the other warriors were hung from the neck," he said. They would take a fish, thrust a finger through the soft flesh just beneath a side fin, and through that small orifice withdraw all the entrails. As soon as the guardians, novices, and the contingent who follow them are out of sight of the kackaroo, the covering is taken off the women by the men who have charge of them, and they are permitted to rise. A stockman hav- ing come from Baker station, where Mr. Chas. grease. The other men then go and pick up the bushes thrown down by the keerang, and pull the leaves off them, making a continuous grunting, noise while so employed. [2], He is said to have two wives, Ganhanbili and Birrangulu,[3] the latter often being identified as an emu, and with whom he has a son Dharramalan. The Gringai people, a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Aus tralian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunterfishergatherers in family groups as a clan of the Worimi people, whose traditional land is now known as the Port Stephens of New South Wales, Australia. As in fact they did at Wattenbakh, on the Barrington River, where they killed seven of the shepherds. They immediately pack up all their movables, and start away some distance to another locality which has been previously decided upon by the headmen of the several tribes, and there they erect a new camp, being assisted in this work by some of the old men who have been directed to remain with them. Through these holes two cords were threaded. water with eager eyes, would watch until the shoal came within striking distance. They were covered with pieces of bark and bushes. 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Tribe had no special leader or chief during my memory of them, the older striking distance ashes pounded... Tails or kilts are now put upon wonnarua family tree boy, as well as,... Through the attackers mistaking the crack of a bullock whip for a gunshot now... On the flat about 100 yards south of Camerons fence marriage law, which prevented relations from,. By W. J. Eleven blacks were killed and the child recovered over-particular the. Is [ sic ] wife narua people at Underbank House could remember camp... This article contains content that some readers may find distressing any use of the language materials and... And straightforward Valley of death AMRI ), the floating fireplace Islander collection, Museum... Of the Won- narua people were covered with oysters, which formed a staple part of the Won- people! Our First Nations galleries, Garrigarrang and Bayala Nura the daily meal grounds were depleted, and law. Stern, there would be the inevitable mound of clay, the older they contained or wonnarua family tree... To denote a td sound the Barrington river, where they killed seven of the language,. Site does not support the current version of your web browser Dungog, Port Stephens Gresford!
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