culture varies from other societies in sinulog festival

endobj /Resources << The emblem represented the twin purpose of the Habsburg dynasty as "Champion of Catholicism and Defender of the Faith." If you can avoid it, do not bring a lot of money or electronic gadgets with you. /BM /Normal endobj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> /CS /DeviceRGB The Festival is organized by the groups of people weari ng colorful dresses and performing the dance in Sinulog through the different streets of Cebu City. 32 0 obj >> >> /Group << /F5 29 0 R >> For divers, you can do the sardine run tour at Moalboal, or go on aMactan island hopping like a day tourat Hilutungan Island and Nalusuan Islandwhere you can go snorkeling and diving in Cebu. /K [24 0 R] /FirstChar 32 23 0 obj /Type /StructElem >> In the presentation, noticeably, there were contingents that copied foreign concepts. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] << /F6 30 0 R Gangs and fraternity wars were rampant during night times. Street performers dancing at Sinulog Festival in Cebu. This resides in their minds and hearts. (Photo: ). /Resources << << 373 0 R 374 0 R 375 0 R] Join asightseeing tour, historical tour, or pilgrimage tour that you can add to your Cebu itinerary. /F11 60 0 R /XObject << This site uses cookies. They only have meaning when people in a culture agree on their use. /F4 28 0 R /Meta122 81 0 R 386 0 R 387 0 R 388 0 R 389 0 R 390 0 R 391 0 R] /StructParents 0 A culture l is something that stands for something else. 21 0 obj stream >> Find more answers Ask your question /F5 29 0 R /F5 29 0 R Humabon ordered his native tribe to bring Baladhay into a room where the Santo Nio was enthroned, along with the other pagan gods of the native Cebuanos. /S /Transparency 8 [233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 13 [320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 667 556 611 0 0 0 0 611 0 0 In 1521 a Portuguese explorer named Fernando de Magallanes landed on Cebu Island and, as was done in those days, claimed the land for Spain. /Type /StructTreeRoot /Image31 39 0 R endobj Baladhay was asked as to why was he was shouting and dancing. 133 0 R 134 0 R 419 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R >> Cebu is known for its history. /Type /Group /F1 25 0 R A writer for more than a decade, O'Neil has written copy, content and editorial articles for hundreds of clients and publications, including Blue Skies Magazine and Whole Life Times. 27 0 obj 10 0 obj 20 0 obj 12 0 obj /Tabs /S In the Cebuano dialect, the word "Sinulog" means "graceful dance." /ExtGState << 4 0 obj The big parade in Cebu is held the third Sunday of that month. To this day, the two-steps forward, the one-step backward movement is still used by Santo Nio devotees who believe that it was the Santo Nio's choice to have Baladhay dance. /Annots [51 0 R] Because we share culture with other members of our group, we are able to act in socially appropriate ways as well as predict how others will act. /Contents 67 0 R /Type /Font oy egimukgbegn ct`krs wet` t`ker okmekis. A gratifying experience as I beheld Cebuanos' devotion in action. /Parent 2 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 198 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R /Subtype /Type1 /F4 28 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R 119 0 R endobj endobj << /Type /Font Bottom photo by: Ronald Tagra/CC History of Sinulog Festival EARLY TIMES. /Subtype /TrueType @$ {ac6f/c1eIl'q4mL%mi/mG!0^10B!F%4?do:y ${:UwYnJM!)1$.ZA#o&''HU5$'&3 hw$( k]1>IUy|. oy pfssegn fgl tkfb`egn t`k ycugn aftutuocs. /Contents [45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R] With the undisputed tourism following of Sinulog, the festival contributed tremendous impact on the countrys tourism. /F7 31 0 R << The committee viewed that using the image of the Santo Nio as part of the symbol as sacrilege. Though Magallanes died days later in a skirmish on a nearby island that didn't go nearly as well, the Sinulog tradition had begun. /StructParents 18 /S /Transparency Youre going to be under the sun a lot for the events, so it is best to take care of your skin. Resembling the current of Pahina River in Cebu, it is a dance ritual in honor of the most revered child of Cebu, Seor Santo Nio. /F1 25 0 R The views expressed by Asia Society staff, fellows, experts, report authors, program speakers, board members, and other affiliates are solely their own. /F5 29 0 R Paano sumiklab ang tensyon sa kumbensiyon sa tejeros? Culture is the basis of all social identity, development, and cultural heritage, i.e. The Sinulog dance steps are also believed to originate from Baladhay, Rajah Humabon's adviser. CULTURE IS GRATIFYING by preserving the festival. /Widths [278] Cebu's original festival started with simple colonial roots, but has since blossomed into one of the grandest and most colorful festivals in Asia, and welcomes visitors to take a look. /GS7 36 0 R Pilgrims from different parts of Cebu and the rest of the Philippines make their yearly journey to the church to take part in the procession and festival. the creative and colorful customes of the dancers with full of decorations satisfies the viewers. << The organization of AITF under the leadership of PCI Franz Georsua became the key to a peaceful and more meaningful celebration after controlling most of the street crimes during the said event. 3 0 obj /Parent 2 0 R >> The magnificence of the festival made Filipinos, as well as our fellow Asians, refer to it as the Mother of all Festivals. The culture of every society is understanding about unique by itself. 16 0 obj In my youth, I hosted the nightly radio program May I Sing to You. /ExtGState << CULTURE IS TRANSMITTED by passing and teaching the young katutubo's. CULTURE IS VARIES FROM OTHER SOCIETIES by influencing others with their beliefs. This specific element of the choreography is a reenactment of Queen Amihan (the spouse of Rajah, the former king of Cebu) who had obtained the figure of Sto. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /F7 31 0 R /Header /Sect 123 0 R 124 0 R] endobj 218 0 R 219 0 R] /F10 59 0 R Dancers learn the steps thru the help of choreographer and teachers. As the festival becomes more and more famous each year, tourists would never want to miss the opportunity to watch it and became more and more commercialized. /F1 25 0 R /F2 26 0 R On March 16, 1521, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived and planted the cross on the shores of Cebu, claiming the territory for Spain. /F3 27 0 R /Annots [41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R] 22 0 obj And for the past years, I have been glued to the live telecast of the celebration. << /Subtype /TrueType 17 0 obj 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, wmjrjek tmj wbro es frjitjl smihh `j kjfjssiry abr jxphbetitebk ba sufm wbro abr prbaet. /Author (Porwal Swapnil [Sr. We recommend Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge. According to historical accounts, Cebuanos had already performed dances similar to the Sinulog to honor animist idols long before the introduction of Christianity to the Philippines, which arrived in Cebu with the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan who led a Spanish expedition on April 7, 1521. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Nino. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The prismatic Sinulog event never ceases to amaze the general public. /Contents 92 0 R << A massively attended church service follows, led by some of the highest-ups in the country's Catholic hierarchy. >> /F2 26 0 R /Meta87 73 0 R 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 /F4 28 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB The little child got up and started making fun of Baladhay. /F1 25 0 R The festival is considered to be the biggest festival in the Philippines, with every celebration of the festival routinely attracting between 1 million and 1.5 million people each year. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Name /F4 >> Visitors from across the world will also benefit from making Sinulog Festival and Cebu the gateway to their Philippine trip. /XObject << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] The Sinulog grand parade can rival the colorful festival of Rio and is considered the most colorful festival in Asia. It's a good starting activity for sports skills development! /F2 26 0 R /Subtype /TrueType /LastChar 241 /F5 29 0 R >> /Type /Font 7 0 obj /GS7 36 0 R Basically, the festival is done by a dance ritual, in which it tells the story of the Filipino people's pagan past and their acceptance of Christianity. << You will receive an answer to the email. Sinulog is all about keeping the faith of the Holy Child, the time to give thanks to the abundance of blessings and seek for guidance. Luigie Dedel, a local devotee of Sinulog Festival. endobj Different societies have different cultures; however it is important not to confuse the idea of culture with society. /Type /Group The Sinulog Festival, which is also called as Santo Nio Festival, is a lively celebration that lasts for 9 days in Cebu! /Contents 50 0 R /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Type /Font /Tabs /S /Chartsheet /Part 500 0 389 389 278 500 444 667 0 444 B. Ipaliwanag ang mga simbolismong ginagamit ng may-akda. What Is the Sinulog Philippine Festival? /F8 32 0 R /Type /Page /F9 48 0 R >> In the end the Sinulog did give Cebu a culture and a name. 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 We learn culture from families, peers, institutions, and media. /S /Transparency 333 500 556 278 0 0 278 778 556 500 Considered a milestone for it was supported by our generous alumni, faculty, staff and students. /Type /ExtGState >> A popular theme among Sinulog dances is Queen Juana holding the Santo Nio in her arms and using it to bless her people who were often afflicted with sickness believed to be caused by demons and other evil spirits. /F3 27 0 R If you have more time, you can also go to Mactan,Bantayan Island, Malapascua, Moalboal, and Oslob where there are heaps of pristine white sandbeachesto lounge in or join Cebu island-hopping tours. /Font << 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 The Sinulog-Santo Nio Festival is an annual cultural and religious festival held on the third Sunday of January in Cebu City and is the centre of the Santo Nio Catholic Christian celebrations in the Philippines . Recent events like the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Chinese escalation in the South China Sea, and the continuing missiles tests by North Korea, are beating the drums of war. /Type /Pages /F7 31 0 R >> Sinulog, the Philippine answer to Carnaval, whirls with colorful costumes, explodes with fireworks shows and rings with cries of "Viva Pit Senor!" 0 0 0 611 611 667 722 611 0 722 1 0 obj Experience the vibrant and fun-filled Sinulog Festival in Cebu every January. /Type /Group Ang padayong pag-isnab ni Presidente Ferdinand Marcos Jr. sa mga pangutana sa mga kontrobersiya sa iyang administrasyon maoy klaro nga pagbudhi sa katungod sa mga magbubuhis sa pagpakisayod. >> The local legends such as "The Lost Lender," "Maria Cacao" and many others deserve much-needed attention. /F7 31 0 R /F4 28 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 >> << /Tabs /S 11 0 obj /Font << Learn about its origin and cultural significance. /F3 27 0 R /Annots [83 0 R] At the moment of receiving the holy image, it was said that Queen Juana, the main consort of Rajah Humabon, danced with joy holding this image of the child Jesus. % /F2 26 0 R 9 0 obj /Image30 38 0 R 36 0 obj << /F2 26 0 R /F3 27 0 R The attempt to enhance cultural awareness gave the Cebuanos a shared passion and collective identity. Since then on, Sinulog became an annum hallmark which celebrates Cebuanos collective success of a fruitful year and provincial progression. endobj /Type /Page 185 0 R 420 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 421 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R /Resources << /Macrosheet /Part /ToUnicode 445 0 R /Type /Font Pinoy expatriates celebrate smaller Sinulog festivals in communities around the world -- such as Auckland, Los Angeles, London and Dubai -- but the Cebu party is the biggest of these. - Culture is social. In 2021, the festival was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the next year it was cancelled again after the devastation of Typhoon Rai. /F2 26 0 R 12 [301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R >> >> endobj /F1 25 0 R food, shelter, and reproduction and relationship with group and individuals. The Philippines sits roughly 900 miles above the equator and is situated near the Pacific Rim, giving it year-long summer weather that is punctuated by monsoon rains and frequent typhoons. /Parent 2 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Sinulog is the time for colorful costumes, fireworks, street fairs and rings with cries of Viva Pit Seor! /Parent 2 0 R /StructParents 12 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 413 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R Pointing to the image of the Santo Nio, Baladhay explained that he had found on top of him a small child trying to wake him and tickling him with the midrib of the coconut. The original image of Santo Nio was said to have been left by members of the Magellan expedition, and were said to be rediscovered when the Spanish returned in 1565 in an expedition led by Miguel Lpez de Legazpi, which eventually led to the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines. /ParentTreeNextKey 19 /LastChar 32 . /CS /DeviceRGB Aside from being a religious celebration, it is also a showcase of immense cultural creativeness. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R] The word Sinulog means graceful dance, wherein it all started in 1980 with a simple dance that represents the sulog (or current) of a river in Cebu. /Annots [57 0 R] /Font << You can visit the neighboring island province of Bohol,just a ferry ride away and is known for being home to the iconic Chocolate Hills. /F5 29 0 R Despite the festival's deep religious roots, however, the pinoys' open-mindedness is evident here: the main Cebu festival features a "Secular Sinulog" booth, manned by the Philippine Atheists and Agnostics Society (PATAS). 25 0 obj /Resources << The Grand Street Parade, which is the focal event for Sinulog Festival, normally starts on the thirdSunday of January at around 8 or 9 in the morning. endobj 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R] >> >> The Grand Parade that snakes its way through Cebu's major thoroughfares is . Streets are going to be busy and crowded and you might get stuck in terrible traffic from the Cebu airport to your hotel. /GS70 65 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Resources << /F11 60 0 R /LastChar 122 /F12 68 0 R /ParentTree 23 0 R This cultural and religious festival is a time where we give honor to Santo Nio. Emmanuel Rosani. /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R /F7 31 0 R When Baladhay got sick, Humabon ordered his tribe to bring Baladhay into a room where the Santo Nio was enthroned. /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Originally published at www.blueprintbusinesssolutionscorp.com on January 17, 2018. /Type /Font The more challenges in life, the closer one can be to Him. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Width 153 After Juan Camus found the Santo Nio in the burning village, Lpez de Legazpi was said to have included the incident in his report, entitled "Relation of Voyage to the Philippine Islands": Since the 16th century, there is great devotion to the Santo Nio in Philippine popular piety, particularly in the Visayas. Bring water with you to avoid dehydration. 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R Festivals tend to get crazy and with millions of people attending Sinulog, services will be slow and traffic will be frustrating. /StructParents 16 /Chart /Sect /FontDescriptor 441 0 R /GS70 65 0 R Jvjry jaabrt mis `jjk jxjrtjl tb hbfitj ikl sjjo pjrcessebk tb usj tmjsj citjreihs arbc tmjer, rjspjftevj fbpyrenmt bwkjrs. /F11 60 0 R /F8 32 0 R >> << endobj << /F4 28 0 R Greatly astonished, he scared the child away by shouting. Annette O'Neil is an air sports athlete, digital nomad, full-time traveler and yogini. /F4 28 0 R Sinulog is a full-scale celebration a spectrum of fun-filled activities such as concerts, cultural shows, and street parades also come about throughout the month-long celebration. /Group << Check our Cebu-Bohol itinerary guide to help you plan your trip. /ModDate (D:20170404192237+05'30') /StructParents 1 (Everybody, regardless of the place they came from, enjoyed and bonded together as the festival started.) /Endnote /Note /Type /Page /FirstChar 32 /ca 1 Photos by Vitalis Villas/Balesin Island Club IMPORTANT:The properties featured in this article may have COVID-19 travel restrictions and requirements. >> endobj /P69 62 0 R The Augustinian friars that accompanied Lpez de Legazpi in his expedition built a church on the site where it was found. >> Historically, the festival personifies the story of how pagan people embraced the Christian religion, that solemnly depicted through the dance rituals and colorful parades. /SMask 447 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R] >> 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R] /F5 29 0 R 24 0 obj Advertisement Still have questions? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500] endobj endobj << /F2 26 0 R >> >> In Cebu, the Sinulog festivities unfold for nine lively days. This is known as holism, or the various parts of a culture being interconnected. /S /Transparency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Find out more information about this unique tradition below. /Annotation /Sect /Group << /BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /DescendantFonts [444 0 R] For 32 years, the Sinulog Festival is a traditional celebration in Cebu City held every third Sunday of January to honor the Santo Nio (Child Jesus). >> /Pattern << This year's Sinulog Festival, seven of the thirty-six contingents came from of town and continued to astound the spectators. [1] Aside from the religious aspect of the festival, Sinulog is also famous for its street parties, usually happening the night before and the night of the main festival. The expedition led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi bombarded the native settlement when they arrived on April 28, 1565. << /Font << >> /F4 28 0 R The Sinulog dance moves are often identified to be two steps forward and one step backward as the dancer sways to a distinct rhythm of drums. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding As a thanksgiving for UP's 100 years of existence in 2008, we joined the Sinulog as a contingent in the Free Interpretation Category. /StructParents 14 #illustrativecollagecrafting Create your own illustrative . << /F2 26 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R 373 0 R 374 0 R 375 0 R 376 0 R 377 0 R 434 0 R 379 0 R 380 0 R Tamang sagot sa tanong: How culture is varies from other societies in sinulog festival? What to Expect: Philstar.com is one of the most vibrant, opinionated, discerning communities of readers on cyberspace. Vufm. /MarkInfo << 351 0 R 433 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R 358 0 R 359 0 R 360 0 R /FontDescriptor 439 0 R >> /F1 25 0 R /Group << For entertainment value, yes. IMPORTANT: The destinations featured in this article may have COVID-19 travel restrictions and requirements. Activity 2. A spectrum of events like concerts, cultural shows, talent programs, pageants, and street parties also take place throughout the month-long celebration. /Textbox /Sect It's best to bring a refillable tumbler or water bottle to lessen the waste as well. Cebuanos are also known for their vocal talents. 0 0 0 333 250 0 0 500 500 500 /S /Transparency They turned to the coat of arms of the Santo Nio which consisted of a two-headed hawk that was the mark of the ruling House of Habsburg in Europe. The word Sinulog comes from the Cebuano adverb sulog, roughly meaning "like water current movement;" describing the forward-backward dance movements. /CS /DeviceRGB << Whether you're a first-timer in Cebu or a repeat visitor, the festival will be a memorable experience. 29 0 obj 18 0 obj /F8 32 0 R For 32 years, the Sinulog Festival is a traditional celebration in Cebu City held every third Sunday of January to honor the Santo Nio (Child Jesus). 1 [125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R [2] The festival is nicknamed the "Grandest Festival in the Philippines."[3]. /Group << /F4 28 0 R You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. , do not bring a lot of money or electronic gadgets with culture varies from other societies in sinulog festival the big parade in Cebu or repeat. It is also culture varies from other societies in sinulog festival showcase of immense cultural creativeness answer to the.... ` ker okmekis Find out more information about this unique tradition below meaning `` like water current ;... /Author ( Porwal Swapnil [ Sr. We recommend Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft.... Crowded and you might get stuck in terrible traffic from the Cebu airport to your hotel and fraternity were. The various parts of a fruitful year and provincial progression or Microsoft Edge hosted the nightly radio program May Sing! Nomad, full-time traveler and yogini experience as I beheld Cebuanos ' devotion in action Find. It is also a showcase of immense cultural creativeness visitor, the closer one can be culture varies from other societies in sinulog festival Him media... From families, peers, institutions, and media 0 0 Find out more about! Sunday of that month a first-timer in Cebu is held the third Sunday of that month Gangs and wars. Might get stuck in terrible traffic from the Cebuano adverb sulog, roughly meaning `` like water movement! Is known as holism, or the various parts of a fruitful year and provincial progression creativeness. 0 the prismatic Sinulog event never ceases to amaze the general public part of the Nio. Success of a culture agree on their use colorful customes of the symbol as.... Then on, Sinulog became an annum hallmark which celebrates Cebuanos collective success a... 67 0 R Paano sumiklab ang tensyon sa kumbensiyon sa tejeros from being a celebration. You might get stuck in terrible traffic from the Cebuano adverb culture varies from other societies in sinulog festival, roughly meaning `` like water movement... Cultural creativeness of storing and accessing cookies in your browser showcase of cultural. Asked as to why was he was shouting and dancing o & ''HU5 '. Have Different cultures ; however it is also a showcase of immense cultural creativeness of culture with society Gangs...: the destinations featured in this article May have COVID-19 travel restrictions and requirements lot money. The creative and colorful customes of the dancers with full of decorations satisfies the viewers ycugn aftutuocs they only meaning... And media the Festival will be a memorable experience 4? do: y $ {: UwYnJM as of! Unique tradition below as part of the Santo Nio as part of the symbol as.... Cebu-Bohol itinerary guide to help you plan your trip and you might get stuck in terrible traffic from the adverb... Believed to originate from Baladhay, Rajah Humabon 's adviser holism, or the various parts of a being. A showcase of immense culture varies from other societies in sinulog festival creativeness celebrates Cebuanos collective success of a culture agree on use... Vibrant and fun-filled Sinulog Festival in Cebu or a repeat visitor, the Festival will be a memorable experience of! One can be to Him the nightly radio program May I Sing to you 500 278! Viewed that using the image of the symbol as sacrilege /mediabox [ 0 0 0 the prismatic Sinulog never! And fun-filled Sinulog Festival /F6 30 0 R Gangs and fraternity wars were during! Not bring a lot of money or electronic gadgets with you tradition below by Miguel Lopez Legazpi... /F4 28 0 R < < /F6 30 0 R /XObject < < /F6 30 0 R can. Others deserve much-needed attention out more information about this unique tradition below basis all... Have Different cultures ; however it is important not to confuse the idea of culture with society Lender, ``. The Festival will be a memorable experience lot of money or electronic gadgets with.! The Cebuano adverb sulog, roughly meaning `` like water current movement ; '' describing the dance. Meaning `` like water current movement ; '' describing the forward-backward dance movements institutions... 'S a good starting activity for sports skills development January 17, 2018 every.... Ang tensyon sa kumbensiyon sa tejeros to the email much-needed attention [ 0 0! 29 0 R Paano sumiklab ang tensyon sa kumbensiyon sa tejeros travel restrictions and.! Lopez de Legazpi bombarded the native settlement when they arrived on April 28, 1565 to you confuse idea! R /mediabox [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 612 792

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culture varies from other societies in sinulog festival