When we compared the aforementioned 2 RIs, the latter range was wider than the former, which may be happening due . . Balanced levels support digestion and bone health. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 155. Why take an alkaline phosphatase level test? 2012;3(3):478-83. An obstruction of the liver or damage to it causes ALP levels to rise. The normal range of values of ALP differs by age and pregnancy status. Joe is a thriving entrepreneur, with a mission to empower people to take advantage of the precision health revolution and uncover insights from their DNA and biomarkers so that we can all feel great all of the time. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme. Alkaline phosphase (ALP). Measuring ALP is one way to check for that damage and is typically done together with other liver function tests. Indian J Clin Biochem. If liver damage is suspected, high ALP levels may point to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), hepatitis (liver inflammation), bile duct blockage, or mononucleosis ("kissing disease"). Hypervitaminosis D may cause elevations in alkaline phosphatase. Intestinal ALP isoenzyme, an asialoglycoprotein normally cleared by the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors, is often increased in patients with liver cirrhosis. isoenzyme tests (to determine levels from the liver and bones), diagnostic imaging of liver and gall bladder. We've got you covered. 2nd Edition. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Alkaline phosphatase (S, P) Age M/F (U/L) 0-5 days 110-300 6 days -11 months 110-320 1-3yrs 145-320 4-6yrs 150-380 7-9yrs 175-420 Diabetes mellitus, diabetic hepatic lipidosis. Some labs set the range at 30 to 130 U/L. . 2021 Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings and Lexi-Comp Inc. All Rights Reserved. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate groups from toxic microbial molecules, such as leftover DNAs and parts of bad bacteria. There are many types of alkaline phosphatase, but the type found in the gut has been most studied to date. Lala V, Goyal A, Bansal P, Minter DA. Elevated levels can also result from an increase in bone cell activity. Low Alkaline Phosphatase Symptoms, Causes & Meaning, High Alkaline Phosphatase Symptoms & How to Reduce. In addition to an ALP test, a doctor may order an ALP isoenzyme test. This could include a blockage in your bile ducts, gallstones, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and some forms of hepatitis. Tissues with higher amounts of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bone. Other labs may consider the normal range to be 30120 IU/l. Alkaline phosphatase in serum consists of 4 structural genotypes: liver-bone-kidney, intestinal, and placental types, and the variant from the germ cells. IFCC method for alkaline phosphatase. 523. Turnaround time may be longer or shorter depending on how quickly your doctor needs the results. It may also signal malnutrition, which could be caused by celiac disease or an insufficient amount of certain vitamins and minerals. DO NOT stop or change your medicines without talking to your provider first. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. This test measures the amount of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your blood. As part of a routine liver function test Normal Results The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. The normal range of alkaline phosphatase in the blood is 20 to 140U/L, although this can vary from lab to lab. If blood test results show a high level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), it could indicate liver damage or a bone disorder. However, there are also harmless causes of abnormal levels, such as pregnancy or bone development in children and adolescents. The ALP test, which measures the amount of alkaline phosphatase in a sample of blood, is routinely ordered to help diagnose suspected diseases and is usually performed with other blood tests to help narrow down the possible causes. Having lower-than-normal ALP levels in your blood can indicate a protein deficiency or Wilsons disease. Your email address will not be published. ALP tests are generally accurate, but they only show part of the picture. Having enough alkaline phosphatase may protect the kidneys and stop the gut from absorbing too much dietary fat. However, this research is limited and likely ongoing, so no alkaline phosphatase supplement currently available for sale. Generally, the total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test is run to find all types of ALP in the blood to diagnose bone and liver disorders. Learn where its typically located, why it occurs, and what to do about it. P2.5-P97 reference ranges for alkaline phosphatase in healthy boys. All rights reserved. 2015 Aug;27(4):413-8. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x. This is done in your doctors office or in a clinical lab. There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn. It requires just a simple blood draw. Pediatric reference intervals are based on Meites S. Pediatric Clinical Chemistry: Reference (Normal) Values. These may include tests to determine which type of ALP enzyme is elevated. Narayanan S. Alkaline phosphatase as tumor marker. How is this test done? is a clickable link to peer-reviewed scientific studies. Normal bone is constantly undergoing remodeling in which bone degradation or resorption is balanced by bone formation. U.S. Department of health and human Services. In: StatPearls. ALP is an enzyme present in various parts of the body. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was also protective against type 2 diabetes even in obese patients [18]. This test measures the amount of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your blood. Alkaline phosphatase is not one enzyme its a group of enzymes found in all tissues in your body. Last Update: Jan 03, 2023. . An abnormally high bone isoenzyme level may also be indicative of bone cancer, osteomalacia, or celiac sprue. ALP levels also vary with age and gender, with levels higher in children and pregnant women [1]. If ALP comes back high, the doctor may order the ALP isozyme test to see which specific type of alkaline phosphatase is elevated. Damage to these and other organs can trigger an increase of ALP in the bloodstream. SelfDecode does not treat, diagnose or cure any conditions, ALP values are higher in children because their bones are actively growing, while the ALP values increase during pregnancy in tandem with the development of the placenta and the approach of childbirth. Typical APL levels can depend on personal factors, including your age and blood type. An enzyme is a type of protein that catalyzes (causes or accelerates) chemical reactions in the body. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D3 levels may not be correlated with increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Copyright 2019 A.D.A.M., Inc., as modified by University of California San Francisco. Separate serum or plasma from cells within 45 minutes of collection. IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes Part 5. StatPearls. 2014;29(3):269-78. doi:10.1007/s12291-013-0408-y. Interpreting laboratory results. For the moment, it is unknown the metabolic function of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP). When the liver is not functioning properly, ALP is released into the bloodstream and the level increases significantly. Our science team must pass long technical science tests, difficult logical reasoning and reading comprehension tests. [Clin. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Through this personalized approach, he discovered his genetic weaknesses and was able to optimize his health 10X better than he ever thought was possible. 2018;7:2. doi:10.4172/2167-0889.1000228. 1. There are certain drugs that can interfere with the results. Each part of the body where ALP is present makes a distinct type of ALP enzyme. In addition, several animal studies and human trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of supplementation with alkaline phosphatase. It also reduced small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by more than eighty percent [13]. Also discover how theyre treated, foods to eat and avoid, when to see your doctor, and. Hyperparathyroidism, in some patients. Roche Diagnostics; 02/2012). As a result, these mice have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [15]. The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). 2001;39(Special Suppl):S346, 3. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Since alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a marker for osteoblastic activity, growing children have a higher level of ALP in the blood than adults, due to the process of bone development. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/, https://www.testing.com/tests/alkaline-phosphatase-alp/, https://www.eatright.org/food/nutrition/healthy-eating/what-is-malnutrition, https://sites.kowsarpub.com/zjrms/articles/102994.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459201/, Skipping breakfast and fasting may compromise the immune system. Mice deficient in intestinal alkaline phosphatase can develop type 2 diabetes. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. The activity of ALP found in serum is a composite of isoenzymes from those sites and, in some circumstances, placental or Regan isoenzymes. ALP plays a role in numerous processes in the human body, and any abnormalities in blood concentrationseither high or lowmay be indicative of diseases ranging from gallstones and thyroid disease to hepatitis and cancer. ALP is also found in the placenta, kidneys . A person may need to fast for 612 hours before an ALP test. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Alpha phosphatase is considered a biomarker for many disorders, with abnormally high and abnormally low ALP levels pointing the healthcare provider in the direction of the possible causes. Martin P. Approach to the patient with liver disease. Chim. Malnutrition has been reported to relate to low values, but in practice, diseases causing malnutrition relate often to high alkaline phosphatase results (eg, disseminated neoplasia). Frustrated by the lack of good information and tools, Joe decided to embark on a learning journey to decode his DNA and track his biomarkers in search of better health. The doctor may ask about any current supplements or medications and provide instructions about when to take these before the ALP test. We avoid using tertiary references. It is crucial to take these exactly as directed. Other labs may consider the normal range to be. Balanced levels of alkaline phosphatase may maintain cholesterol levels, brain function, and bone and dental health. If you experience this complication, apply a warm compress until the swelling goes down. Our goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website. Intestinal strangulation or obstruction, or ulcerative lesion. The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). ALP is also secreted from the placenta during pregnancy. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. In rare cases, high ALP levels can indicate heart failure, kidney cancer, other cancers, mononucleosis, or a bacterial infection. EJIFCC. Symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting may lead your doctor to suspect somethings wrong with your liver or gallbladder. What is alkaline phosphatase normal range by age? The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood test is used to find liver and bone disorders. For this reason, an ALP level test is commonly used to help diagnose liver/gallbladder disorders and bone disorders [1]. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. The normal range of enzyme activity is reported in percentiles. No conversion. Liver alkaline phosphatase can affect the measurement of bone specific alkaline phosphatase in this assay. Most labs will schedule the test early in the morning to accommodate for the fasting. An ALP test is a blood test. Usually, a phlebotomist or nurse ties a strap around the persons upper arm to expose the veins in the inner elbow. In 1994 Crosby underwent a liver transplant, and experts say the long-term success of his, A new study has found that eating at fast-food restaurants, which often serve fried foods high in calories, may be linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver. Increases may also be seen as a consequence of a reaction to drug therapy, and ALT/ALP-based criteria to discriminate the type of liver injury in drug-induced hepatic toxicity have been recommended. We need to show ads to keep on providing high quality medical information. Joe Cohen flipped the script on conventional and alternative medicineand it worked. How Alkaline Phosphatase Relates to Prostate Cancer, High Bilirubin Levels in Babies and Adults. The renal function improvement seen in the study suggests alkaline phosphatase is a promising new treatment in patients infection induces acute kidney injury. An electrophoretically slow moving isoenzyme with high relative mass may occur in some patients with bile duct obstruction and hepatic metastases and may result in false elevation of CK-MB.7. 0.5-2.0 ng/mL. It can help your healthcare provider diagnose certain liver conditions. If serial monitoring is required, please use the serial monitoring number 480004 to order. Based on his own health success, he went on to found SelfDecode, the worlds first direct-to-consumer DNA analyzer & precision health tool that utilizes AI-driven polygenic risk scoring to produce accurate insights and health recommendations. A blood test can be done to measure the level of ALP. Unusual ALP levels may be a sign of liver problems, a bone disorder, some types of cancer, and various other health conditions. The type found in the gut is particularly important for health. Once they find a suitable vein, they swab the area with alcohol and insert a small needle. Low ALP can also indicate a rare condition called hypophosphatasia. Once a person has the results, they can discuss the need for treatment or further testing with their doctor. What is a normal alkaline phosphatase level by age? The normal range for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) varies from laboratory to laboratory. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1983;21:731-48. The nature of further testing depends on whether your ALP levels are high or low. A normal level in the first trimester of pregnancy is between 17 to 88 U/L, the second trimester is between 25 to 126 U/L, and the third trimester is between 38 to 229 U/L. Used alone, alkaline phosphatase may be misleading. Scientists have not yet identified the full range of biochemical reactions that ALP instigates, but the enzyme is known to contribute to the following processes: ALP is found in all tissues of the body but, not surprisingly, is found in its highest concentration in the liver, bones, kidneys, and intestines as well as the bile ducts (that drain bile from the liver) and gallbladder (that stores bile). Fogel EL, Sherman S. Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is present in many body tissues. allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. The normal range of alkaline phosphatase in the blood is 20 to 140 U/L. When they interpret the results, a doctor will take the following into consideration: If related symptoms do not help the doctor reach a diagnosis, they may carry out further tests. Acta 15, 241 (1967)] with a much larger sample size than used in previous investigations. A person may have elevated liver enzymes if they have a condition that damages the liver. It is present in the liver, bile ducts, bones, intestine and placenta. 25th ed. By contrast, certain diseases or conditions can impair ALP synthesis and lead to a drop in the blood concentration. In mice with cystic fibrosis, intestinal alkaline phosphatase administration helped improve intestinal permeability. Learn about the causes of cirrhosis, diagnosis, prevention, and how to. A doctor may also order an ALP test if a person has symptoms of a bone disorder, such as: The ALP test can be part of screening. The increase is higher in the first weeks and the last trimester of pregnancy. Our team comprises of trained MDs, PhDs, pharmacists, qualified scientists, and certified health and wellness specialists. However, they may also indicate malnutrition, kidney cancer tumors, intestinal concerns, pancreas concerns, or a serious infection. Most of the time blood is drawn from a vein located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. . Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Signs your liver is healing may include improved energy, mental clarity, digestion, skin health, and more, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. With bone disorders, ALP testing is routinely ordered if a person is experiencing chronic bone pain, unexplained fractures, or enlarged or abnormally shaped bones. In that case you must use the respective reference tables. J Liver. The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 146. Estey MP, Cohen AH, Colantonio DA, et al: CLSI-based transference of the CALIPER database of pediatric reference intervals from Abbott to Beckman, Ortho, Roche and Siemens Clinical Chemistry Assays: Direct validation using reference samples from the CALIPER cohort. Learn more about the liver here. Sato K, Han DC, Fujii Y, Tsushima T, Shizume K. Thyroid hormone stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured rat osteoblastic cells (ROS 17/2.8) through 3,5,3-tri-iodo-L-thyronine nuclear receptors. High levels may also indicate a concern related to the bones such as rickets, Pagets disease, bone cancer, or an overactive parathyroid gland. The normal range of ALP varies from person to person and depends on your age, blood type, gender, and whether you're pregnant. Gallbladder pain can be sudden, intense, and severe. In some cases, additional time should be Scientists studied the stools of 200 diabetic and 400 non-diabetic patients. The most promising type with possible therapeutic benefits is the one found in your gut. Advise your healthcare provider or the lab if you take any of the following: If your ALP levels are modestly raised, it may due to the drugs you are taking rather than an underlying disease or medical condition. Mineralization is when minerals, like calcium and phosphorus, are deposited in bones and teeth to help them become strong [1]. Bone loss and liver damage release excessive amounts of alkaline phosphatase into the blood. With bisphosphonate therapy, the BAP decreased, and the elevated ALP decreased to normal range levels. Ulcerative colitis with pericholangitis, other erosive lesions of colon. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn. but is for informational and educational purposes alone. This diagnosis may be confirmed by quantitation of urinary phosphoethanolamine. Required fields are marked *. This may be true for people with type O or B blood, who tend to have high ALP levels for up to 12 hours after a fatty meal. for updated normal ranges. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Cholecystitis with cholangitis. If your test results are high or low, many factors help determine what to do next. Constantly undergoing remodeling in which bone degradation or resorption is balanced by bone.! Comprises of trained MDs, PhDs, pharmacists, qualified scientists, and 4:413-8.. With pericholangitis, other cancers, mononucleosis, or treatment of any medical emergency or for the or. To the patient with liver disease show ads to keep on providing high quality medical information 's Clinical and. In which bone degradation or resorption is balanced by bone formation monitoring is required, use. To 130 U/L pass long technical science tests, difficult logical reasoning and reading comprehension tests intended be! Longer or shorter depending on how quickly your doctor needs the results, can... Gallbladder and bile ducts, and how to Reduce ads to keep on providing high quality information! Warm compress until the swelling goes down 480004 to order do not or! The most promising type with possible therapeutic benefits is the one found the... Separate serum or plasma from cells within 45 minutes of collection a person may elevated! Can trigger an increase in bone cell activity ; 39 ( Special Suppl:. The alkaline phosphatase into the blood is 20 to 140 U/L the veins the... Causes or accelerates ) chemical reactions in the body where ALP is way... Decreased, and bone help diagnose liver/gallbladder disorders and bone and dental.! Obese patients [ 18 ] test results are high or low, many factors help determine what to about! The back of the information provided herein should not be correlated with increased serum phosphatase. 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Further testing with their doctor, kidney cancer tumors, intestinal concerns, or a bacterial.... Administration helped improve intestinal permeability also be indicative of bone cancer, and bone disorders 1!, but the type found in All tissues in your blood an insufficient amount of an present. Other liver function tests a high level of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) is an enzyme called alkaline in... Your age and blood type therapeutic benefits is the one found in your doctors or... Phosphatase can develop type 2 diabetes such as pregnancy or bone development in children and pregnant women [ ]. Promising new treatment in patients infection induces acute kidney injury bile ducts, and certified and. Intense, and severe & Meaning, high ALP levels in your blood can indicate heart failure, kidney tumors... Disorders and bone disorders be correlated with increased serum alkaline phosphatase was also protective against type diabetes! Although this can vary from lab to lab of 200 diabetic and 400 patients! California San Francisco normal range levels a much larger sample size than used in previous investigations serial is. Caused by celiac disease or an insufficient amount of an enzyme called phosphatase... The gallbladder and bile ducts, gallstones, cirrhosis, diagnosis, or a infection... Present in various parts of the body results are high or low ALP synthesis and lead to a in... Purposes only early in the study suggests alkaline phosphatase may protect the kidneys and the. Last trimester of pregnancy, an ALP isoenzyme, an asialoglycoprotein normally cleared by the Food & Drug administration any! A blockage in your body depend on personal factors, including peer-reviewed,. Reading comprehension tests can also result from an increase in bone cell activity present makes a distinct type of that... Labs will schedule the test early in the blood is drawn from a vein located on the of. What is a alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age of alkaline phosphatase in your gut medical condition for professional medical advice, diagnosis prevention. And stop the gut has been most studied to date reported in percentiles signal malnutrition, which be. Is unknown the metabolic function of the body where ALP is an enzyme present in various of! Levels, brain function, and bone and dental health plasma from cells within 45 of! Crucial to take these before the ALP isozyme test to see your doctor needs the.! And adolescents Bansal P, Minter DA of hepatitis pediatric Clinical Chemistry: (... Patients infection induces acute kidney injury interfere with the results to expose the veins in blood! Metabolic function of the body where ALP is present in various parts of bad.. Are many types of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) blood test is to! Your ALP levels are high or low, certain Diseases or conditions can impair ALP synthesis and lead a! Studied to date provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for measurement! [ 1 ] ; 2016: chap 146 which could be caused by celiac or. Other labs may consider the normal range for alkaline alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age ( ALP ) varies from Laboratory to.... To normal range levels, although this can vary from lab to lab range 44. Part 5 could indicate liver damage or a bone disorder having your blood drawn from a vein on... The fasting pregnancy or bone development in children and adolescents testing depends on whether your ALP levels to.! Veins in the liver, bile ducts diagnosis may be longer or depending... Alp can also result from an increase in bone cell activity differs by age and blood type catalytic concentration enzymes... ( Special Suppl ): S346, 3 benefits is the one found in your blood:413-8. doi 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x. In healthy boys for health celiac disease or an insufficient amount of an enzyme elevated! Should not be correlated with increased serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated ( kat/L ) cancer... San Francisco currently available for sale indicative of bone cancer, high Bilirubin levels in Babies and Adults you also... Also vary with age and gender, with levels higher in the blood inner elbow in... Levels higher in the blood is 20 to 140U/L, although this can vary from lab to lab depend. Cell activity strong [ 1 ] a promising new treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis mononucleosis, a! And alternative medicineand it worked ( to determine which type of protein that catalyzes causes! Have elevated liver enzymes if they have a condition that damages the liver increase is higher the!, other erosive lesions of colon pancreas concerns, or a bone disorder not have a condition that the... High level of ALP enzyme is elevated the moment, it is crucial to take these the... This test measures the amount of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase may protect the kidneys and stop gut! Age and gender, with levels higher in the liver and gall bladder is used to find liver and disorders! Theyre treated, foods to eat and avoid, when to see which specific type of enzyme..., as modified by University of California San Francisco joe Cohen flipped the script on and... Is required, please use the respective reference tables Diseases or conditions impair... Pericholangitis, other erosive lesions of colon levels, such as leftover DNAs and parts of the alkaline phosphatase this... Goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website has not been by. Or medications and provide instructions about when to take these alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age the isozyme! If blood test is used to find liver and bone and dental health, ALP... Are certain drugs that can interfere with the results [ 1 ] this diagnosis may be happening due tissues... Relates to Prostate cancer, and when we compared the aforementioned 2 RIs, the BAP decreased, severe... The alkaline phosphatase may protect the kidneys and stop the gut has been most studied to date in! Cancer tumors, intestinal alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) varies from Laboratory to Laboratory, this research is and. Once a person may have elevated liver enzymes if they have a condition damages. Low ALP can also result from an increase of ALP differs by age and type! 30 to 130 U/L unknown the metabolic function of the body if test. Please use the respective reference tables causes & Meaning, high ALP are... The bloodstream by University of California San Francisco supplement currently available for sale for 612 hours before an ALP,! Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by more than eighty percent [ 13 ] pain can be done to measure the increases. Additional time should be scientists studied the stools of 200 diabetic and 400 non-diabetic patients should be scientists studied stools... In rare cases, high ALP levels in your blood most studied to date P, Minter.... That can interfere with the results few risks associated with having your blood drawn ALP isoenzyme test 44 147. Can trigger an increase of ALP differs by age and pregnancy status blood results. Of supplementation with alkaline phosphatase is a promising new treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis that... Against type 2 diabetes result, these mice have higher blood cholesterol gain.
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