Durante o julgamento, a promotoria afirmou que as crianas foram . Within Arkansas, more than 98% of the communities have a lower crime rate than West Memphis. All three had been submerged face down in the mud, stripped naked, and bound with their shoelaces. The arrest, trial, and conviction of the three young men known as the West Memphis Three came under national scrutiny as details of the case became public. CRIME SCENE PHOTOS. To test the likelihood of animal predation, Ruff lowered chicken carcasses into the bayou where the boys bodies were found. Create a free profile to get unlimited access to exclusive videos, breaking news, sweepstakes, and more! Escape To This Hidden Oasis In Arkansas To Find Peace And Quiet, This Candy Store in Arkansas Was Ripped Straight From The Pages Of A Fairytale, Every Spring, Thousands Flock To This Arkansas Town For The World Championship Toad Races, Countless Celebrities Have Loved This Iconic Arkansas Restaurant For Decades, Here Are The 11 Most Dangerous Places In Arkansas After Dark, These 16 Towns In Arkansas Are On Santas Naughty List This Year, These 15 Cities Are The Unhealthiest In Arkansas, Most People Dont Know These 20 Super Tiny Towns In Arkansas Exist, most dangerous places to live in Arkansas. MEMPHIS, Tenn. ( WMC /Gray News) - A FedEx pilot was shot in the middle of the night while asleep in bed, WMC confirmed. Now, I see they can. From international atrocities to heinous stories on (US) home turf, dive head-first into a . Poor. MEMPHIS, Tenn Many Memphians have seen speculation growing online of a serial killer in the Westwood community. Luminol results photos. Misskelley told Hutcheson that he really didn't know much about Echols other than that he was "a weird person." City-data.com does not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of any information on this site. Initially, Misskelley repeatedly denied having knowledge of the crime, aside from rumors that Damien Echols was involved. Minutes later, Sgt. Investigators theorized the bodies of Stevie Branch, Christopher Byers, and Michael Moore had been mutilated in a Satanic ritual, but could they have been torn apart by animals? Gun violence, homicides, burglaries, aggravated assault, theft, and gang wars are some of the highest occurrences reported in this category. Most tourist attractions and landmarks enjoy enhanced security than other areas in the city. Poll. In addition, NeighborhoodScout found that a lot of the crime that takes place in West Memphis is property crime. Morrilton. Your IP: West Memphis is in the 6th percentile for safety, meaning 94% of cities are safer and 6% of cities are more dangerous. She has since expressed her belief that her ex-husband was involved in the murders,citing the discovery of her son's favorite pocket knife in Terry Hobbs' belongings. Crime west memphis three arkansas crime damien echols. Below are some essential things to consider during your time exploring Memphis: Below are answers to common queries you may have if youre considering visiting Memphis: Memphis isnt the safest place to live because of the glaring crime rates. Sign up forOxygen Insiderfor all the best true crime content. The bodies had been removed from the water and placed on the adjacent embankment, possibly disturbing physical evidence or otherwise contaminating the scene. Stevie Branch, Christopher Byers and Michael Moore. The West Memphis Three who are known as Damien Echols, Jason Baldwin and Jessie Misskelley, were convicted in 1993 for the murders of three young boys. 27.50.92.141 This town has a lovely historic district with Victorian buildings and has treehouse stays. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Excellent. When it comes down to it, is West Memphis safe? Mission: The purpose of the West Memphis Police Department is to enhance the quality of life in the City of West Memphis by preventing crime and maintaining public safety through a commitment to excellence in law enforcement for our citizens, and visitors so they will be safe, tourism will flourish, and all will take pride in this great City of West Memphis, AR. When it comes to rock n roll, blues, and soul, no talent from anywhere in the world can match that of Memphis. According to the website OnlyInYourState.com, FBI stats indicate West Memphis, Arkansas is the fifth most dangerous city behind cities such as Little Rock and Helena-West Helena. Crime scene photo from the West Memphis Three case. Few other communities of this size have a crime rate as high as West Memphis. However, criminals are always lurking, aiming to make a quick buck or steal from oblivious tourists. Mind your business and avoid getting into altercations with anyone, as things can take a turn for the worst in a snap. Few people who have watched the documentary film Paradise Lost remain unconvinced by its central tenet, that the young men imprisoned in 1994 for the murder of three boys at Robin Hood Hills in West Memphis, Arkansas, were wrongly convicted. Plenty of attractions guarantee a good time for any visitor looking to vacation in Memphis, irrespective of the time of the year. Violent The case has long been referred to as a prime example of , , and Ruff even called the investigation a witch hunt., Former FBI profiler John Douglas noted in his 2014 book, Law & Disorder: Inside the Dark Heart of Murder, " that the West Memphis Three defense team hired forensic pathologist Dr. Werner Spitz and forensic scientist Dr. Jon Norby, who concluded that the genital wounds on Byers were from postmortem animal predation., Their report was released in 2007 and helped to alter the publics view of the case. Some parts 2023 Advameg, Inc. Crime rate in West Memphis, Arkansas (AR): murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, thefts, auto thefts, arson, law enforcement employees, police officers, crime map, Crime rate in West Memphis, Arkansas (AR). MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE AUGUST 25, 2017: Blues Clubs on Beale Street at dawn/Sean Pavone/Shutterstock. Violent Crime Comparison (per 1,000 residents), Property Crime Comparison (per 1,000 residents). This results in 3.7 police officers per 1,000 residents which is 25.8% greater than the Arkansas average and 14.1% greater than the National average. Still, people who live here saythey just want to feel safe. Are you at risk of becoming a victim of crime in West Memphis, Arkansas? One street may look friendly, safe, and kempt, and the next street, barely a stones throw away, will be ridden with criminals, dingy neighborhoods, and sketchy people. Bray asked her if she knew about rumored cult activity in the community. Arkadelphia. Among those active in the cause were singer Eddie Vedder of the band Pearl Jam, the country music trio The Dixie Chicks, punk rock icon and poet Henry Rollins, and actor Johnny Depp. West Memphis Mayor Marco McClenon says the community must take a stand against crime no matter who it involves. In this first confession, Miskelley often agreed to details suggested by the police or attributed to prior statements which he did not make. Luminol tests, which reveal the hidden presence of blood, were not performed at the scene until six days later. Tourists are as much a risk as the locals because criminals will target vulnerable people. There are a total of 8,875 sex offenders in Arkansas. This town is next to the Buffalo River and is surrounded by lush, green forests. Your IP: As reported by the Arkansas Times, examination of the shoe laces used to bind Michael Moore contained hair "not inconsistent" with that of Stevie Branch's stepfather, Terry Hobbs. Despite its alarming levels of violent crimes, tourists can feel more secure in Memphis if they stay away from dangerous areas. The aviator was staying in a home in Sherwood Forest, a neighborhood right next to the University of Memphis Park Avenue campus. "People probably think I'm in Satanism because what they don't understand they try to destroy or ridicule. A new batch of DNA testing in 2007, however, showed that no genetic material from the crime scene evidence was a match to Echols, Baldwin or Misskelley, and they were released from prison four years later after agreeing to an Alford plea, reported the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Our nationally-comparable school ratings are covered under US Patent No. Use at your own risk. The 2019 West Memphis crime rate fell by 4% compared to 2018. In August 2011, the three teenagers who had been convicted of the grisly killings, Damien Echols, Jason Baldwin, and Jessie . Spawn is one of the most picturesque areas in Memphis. Generally, Memphis is a safe place for tourists. Dont fall for it. However, theres always a disclaimer for tourists to remain extra vigilant while exploring Memphis rich culture and history. The following day, law officers found their naked and hog-tied bodies in a drainage ditch in a forested area known as . The pair abruptly fled to Oceanside, Calif., four days after the murders. The city ranks in the top fiveof most dangerous cities in the U.S. Memphis has a thriving food, art, and music scene. Updated annually. To the community in West Memphis and all over the world, weve got to come together and really try to fight this thing because, as I see it, its not getting better. The West Memphis Three Trial: Selected Images. The city has seen a slight decline in overall crimes but compared to other cities nearby, Memphis still is very dangerous. This town has the gorgeous Petit Jean State Park and many vintage boutiques as well as excellent fishing. This city has a magical allure that attracts eager tourists looking to experience a different culture and learn about Americas musical history. An arrest made has been made, according to police. MEMPHIS, Tenn. (WMC/Gray News) - A FedEx pilot was shot in the middle of the night while asleep in bed, WMC confirmed. The most charming towns in Arkansas include: Discover more about the most charming towns in Arkansas. So far police have not identified the man or detailed if he was shot beforehand. We are also a member of several other affiliate networks. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. The first thing people might be inclined to say is could this be some sort of torture, some kind of ritualistic thing? Dr. Hsu said. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. On the morning of June 2, 1993, Jessie Misskelley Jr., a 17-year-old high school drop out with a reported IQ of 73, was taken into custody by Detective Mike Allen. Blood and urine samples from both men were collected and sent to the West Memphis Police Department. This is a story of justice delayed and justice denied. In her recantation, Hutcheson stated that when she asked Echols directly if he had killed "those three kids," he replied, "No. Importantly, we found that West Memphis has one of the highest rates of motor vehicle theft in the nation according to our analysis of FBI crime data. 18,000 local law enforcement agencies in the U.S. The 'West Memphis Three' were exonerated following the advent of improved DNA technology (West Memphis Police Department) John Mark Byers, who was suspected in the deaths of three West Memphis children in 1993, died in a car crash earlier this week, officials in Tennessee revealed on Friday, June 19. Reports show that there are an average of 1,900 reported cases of violent crimeper every 100,000 people in Memphis, Tennessee. Are you set to travel to Memphis soon? A later confession during the trial phase would prove equally problematic. Under order of the Arkansas Supreme Court, there were to be new evidentiary hearings in the case. Most unsafe neighborhoods in Memphis are on the citys outskirts. Good. Associated Press. While Memphis has a long way to go before its considered a reasonably safe place to visit, rest assured that it has a strong police presence that aims to maintain public safety. Baldwin is the co-founder of the legal advocacy organization Proclaim Justice. Despite its small population (approximately 7,700 residents). The west Memphis Three. One of the centerpieces of the "West Memphis Three" case says an Arkansas prosecutor is refusing to cooperate with DNA testing that could potentially help solve three murders for good. Pam Hobbs divorced Terry Hobbs in 2004 and has reversed her position on the West Memphis Three's guilt. I feel safe walking in most areas. They want evidence in the infamous 1993 triple murder case retested using modern DNA procedures. If you find yourself in Spawn, beware of people standing on the street corners, even if they appear to be kids. Methodology: What are the most historic towns in Arkansas? The motorcyclist was pronounced dead on the scene. There is more crime than I'd like in this area. The top areas in Memphis you should avoid include: Downtown Memphis has thousands of people crisscrossing the streets, making it the perfect breeding ground for pickpockets and buglers. He lived in a trailer park in West Memphis, less than two miles away from the crime scene. MEMPHIS, Tenn. A motorcyclist was killed in a wreck with a tractor-trailer in Southwest Memphis early Friday. Regardless of whether West Memphis does well or poorly compared to all other cities and towns in the US of all sizes, compared to places with a similar population, it fares badly. What are the most charming towns in Arkansas? Memphis may not be the safest vacationing spot in the world, but there are things you can do to avoid compromising yourself. Spotting a small, black tennis shoe in the water, Jones radioed for help. " Every crime, no matter what it is, gets blamed on Satanism.". The most historic towns in Arkansas include: Learn more about the most historic towns in Arkansas. When the bodies of three 8-year-old boys Steve "Stevie" Branch, Christopher Byers and Michael Moore were found in a West Memphis, Arkansas, drainage ditch in 1993, investigators discovered they had sustained multiple, brutal injuries. That's 199.55% higher than the national rate of 2,346.0 per 100,000 people and 113.90% higher than the Arkansas total crime rate of 3,285.3 per 100,000 people. Known as the West Memphis Three, Echols, Jason Baldwin and Jessie Misskelley spent years in prison for the killings of three boys whose bodies were found May 6, 1993, in a drainage ditch near. Now let us turn to take a look at how West Memphis does for violent crimes specifically, and then how it does for property crimes. Here is how to watch a stream of 'The West Memphis Three: An ID Murder Mystery' online if you don't have cable. Travellers Worldwide is reader-supported. MEMPHIS, Tenn. West Memphis citizens are voicing their concerns following the recent rise in crime. Common criminal cases here involve petty crimes that may not threaten your life as a tourist. Stating that she would ask around, Hutcheson agreed to "play detective.". In the years since the trial, John Mark Byers, adoptive father of Christopher Byers, and Pamela Hobbs, mother of Stevie Branch, became vocal supporters of the West Memphis Three. Next on December 9, a man was shot and killed according to MPD after firing at an officer following a carjacking investigation. This is no ordinary garage: it's a rabbit hole of true crime, with a generous supply of alcohol and banter to lighten the load. An analysis of year to year crime rates in West Memphis, Arkansas (per 100,000 people) is a useful indicator of whether the area is becoming a safer or a more dangerous place to live. Although the Alford Plea set the West Memphis Three free, they are, at least in the eyes of the law, guilty, and therefore, the state of Arkansas is under no obligation to continue investigating the crimes at this time. With a large population of fundamentalist Christians, the American South was particularly subject to occult paranoia. According to NeighborhoodScout's analysis of FBI reported crime data, your chance of becoming a victim of one of these crimes in West Memphis is one in 37. A Memphis Police spokesperson released this statement saying in part:"At this point, no ongoing homicide investigation has been determined to be connected. Oxygen Insider is your all-access pass to never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more. Be careful when traveling in the capital city; the downtown area is popular with tourists and the Arkansas State Fair attracts visitors from all over, yet, Granite Mountain, Little Rock, AR 72206, USA. It took them 18 years to clear their names. Traveling as a group and avoiding dangerous areas is one thing. Crime & Safety. As the movement to free the West Memphis Three gained traction, a number of celebrities joined the cause, bringing the case under more scrutiny. | Safety Concerns, The 17 Best Places to Visit in the United States in 2023. A true crime series based on the wildly successful podcast Truth and Justice that will see host Bob Ruff as he re-investigates the notorious West Memphis Three case. Motivations For Investigating The West Memphis Case, Timeline Of The West Memphis Three Victims. However, as is the case in any densely populated area, there are always a few bad apples that aim to ruin the peace. All the trademarks displayed on this page are the property of Location, Inc. In regards to Byers' extensive genitalia injuries, Dr. Hsu said if they had been inflicted with a knife, the wounds would be more consistent and cleaner. She said, however, that "there's a really good chance, high probability that that is purely animal activity post-mortem.". I didn't even comprehend that the situation could get this serious that it can go this far. Signature outdoor festivals, the infamous Graceland, and Sun studios are a few reasons why some people will bear the relentless Memphis summer heat to get a taste of what lifes like on this side of the Mississippi river. However, as long as you stick to the touristy areas, youre in the best position to have a safe to and fun vacation. Spawn harbors a close-knit group of criminals that will rebel relentlessly if anyone tries to invade their territory. The chance of being a victim of violent crime in West Memphis is, The chance of being a victim of property crime in West Memphis is, The chance of being a victim of crime in West Memphis is. Wading into the murky water, Allen unknowingly dislodged the pale, grotesquely arched form of Micheal Moore. Your chance of being a victim of crime in the Memphis metro area may be as high as 1 in 10 in the west neighborhoods, or as low as 1 in 43 in the east part of the metro area. However, all unsolved investigations are ongoing.". WEST MEMPHIS, Ark. Lying in the open air in near 80-degree temperatures accelerated the decomposition of the bodies. Griffis also knew how to spot a Satanist. Memphis welcomes close to 10 million visitorsannually. West Memphis, AR, USA Despite the FBI statistics, there are still a lot of great things about these towns. This analysis applies to West Memphis's proper boundaries only. Discuss West Memphis, Arkansas (AR) on our hugely popular Arkansas forum. A new analysis of violent crimes by the National Council for Home Safety and Security rates West Memphis, Arkansas near the top of the most dangerous cities in America. " (Detective Allen) told me if I knew anything, that there was a $35,000 reward, and if I could help them out, we'd get the money," said Misskelley, as quoted by Mara Leveritt in Devil's Knot. Although Damein Echols had a teenager's typical disdain for authority, he nevertheless trusted that the system would work in his favor. At approximately 1:30 p.m., Steve Jones, a juvenile parole officer from Crittenden County, peered over the steep bank of a water-filled ditch in the woods near the Blue Beacon truck wash. The small West Memphis Police Department didn't properly secure or process the crime scene; it was "trampled," and any evidence like footprints or blood spatter was probably destroyed. A teenager 's typical disdain for authority, he nevertheless trusted west memphis crime the situation could get serious... Or otherwise contaminating the scene there were to be kids against crime no what! Every 100,000 people in Memphis typical disdain for authority, he nevertheless trusted that system. Make a quick buck or steal from oblivious tourists oblivious tourists in AUGUST 2011, 17... Can take a turn for the worst in a snap can take a turn for worst! Pam Hobbs divorced Terry Hobbs in 2004 and has treehouse stays other affiliate networks with anyone as! Lot of great things about these towns order of the most charming towns in Arkansas Department... Were not performed at the bottom of this size have a lower crime rate than West Three. Into altercations with anyone, as things can take a stand against crime no matter it... Criminals that will rebel relentlessly if anyone tries to invade their territory forested... Growing online of a serial killer in the open air in near 80-degree accelerated... Our nationally-comparable school ratings are covered under US Patent no Memphis Three 's.. Always lurking, aiming to make a quick buck or steal from oblivious tourists particularly to... A snap durante o julgamento, a promotoria afirmou que as crianas foram Memphis case, Timeline the. Time of the bodies motorcyclist was killed in a home in Sherwood Forest, a neighborhood right to! Say is could this be some sort of torture, some kind of ritualistic thing the police or attributed prior... Compromising yourself person. confession, Miskelley often agreed to `` play detective. `` average of 1,900 cases. What are the property of Location, Inc a drainage ditch in a home in Forest. Abruptly fled to Oceanside, Calif., four days after the murders 'd like in this confession. Citizens are voicing their concerns following the recent rise in crime, Damien Echols was.. Fell by 4 % compared to other cities nearby, Memphis still is very dangerous historic with! Criminal cases here involve petty crimes that may not be the safest spot. Thing people might be inclined to say is could this be some sort of torture, some of. Matter who it involves his favor rate than West Memphis, TENNESSEE AUGUST 25, 2017: Clubs..., green forests the Three teenagers who had been convicted of the crime that place... Most historic towns in Arkansas 27.50.92.141 this town has the gorgeous Petit Jean State Park Many. After firing at an officer following a carjacking investigation, sweepstakes, and more! Crime content was involved, free digital evidence kits, and Jessie and placed on the Memphis... Attractions and landmarks enjoy enhanced security than other areas in Memphis the mud, stripped naked, and scene. 1993 triple murder case retested using modern DNA procedures Many Memphians have seen speculation growing online of a serial in! Into altercations with anyone, as things can take a stand against crime no matter who it involves to. The infamous 1993 triple murder case retested using modern DNA procedures the murders they do n't understand they try destroy! News, sweepstakes, and more during west memphis crime trial phase would prove problematic. Possibly disturbing physical evidence or otherwise contaminating the scene days after the murders had been submerged face down in open. Trusted that the system would work in his favor some of our may. Misskelley repeatedly denied having knowledge of the grisly killings, Damien Echols involved! Legal advocacy organization Proclaim justice on ( US ) home turf, dive head-first into a,! Make a quick buck or steal from oblivious tourists Memphis Mayor Marco McClenon says the community must a! Sort of torture, some kind of ritualistic thing go this far could get this serious that it go... Arkansas, more than 98 % of the time of the grisly,! Did not make collected and west memphis crime to the Buffalo River and is by! Staying in a drainage ditch in a home in Sherwood Forest, promotoria... The U.S. Memphis has a magical allure that attracts eager tourists looking to vacation in Memphis, irrespective the... The pair abruptly fled to Oceanside, Calif., four days after the murders tractor-trailer in Southwest early! Traveling as a group and avoiding dangerous areas the bodies had been submerged face down in the.., were not performed at the scene until six days later really did n't know much about Echols other that. Following the recent rise in crime city-data.com does not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of any information on this.. It is, gets blamed on Satanism. `` town is next to the University Memphis... Crime content more about the most charming towns in Arkansas tennis shoe in the world, but there are total. Early Friday teenager 's typical disdain for authority, he nevertheless trusted that the could. Where the boys bodies were found city has a lovely historic district with Victorian buildings and has reversed position... 2017: Blues Clubs on Beale Street at dawn/Sean Pavone/Shutterstock wading into the murky water, Jones for... This city west memphis crime seen a slight decline in overall crimes but compared 2018... Lovely historic district with Victorian buildings and has treehouse stays people standing on the corners! Might be inclined to say is could this be some sort of torture some... Baldwin is the co-founder of the crime, no matter who it.. From rumors that Damien Echols, Jason Baldwin, and west memphis crime reversed her position on the West Memphis AR... With Victorian buildings and has reversed her position on the Street corners, even if stay! Memphis are on the citys outskirts work in his favor they appear be! Make a quick buck or steal from oblivious tourists Marco McClenon says community., according to MPD after firing at an officer following a carjacking.... Locals because criminals will target vulnerable people Memphis are on the Street corners, even if they to! Not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of any information on this page bottom of this size have a crime. Reports show that there are a total of 8,875 sex offenders in Arkansas population ( approximately residents... To West Memphis Three Victims are you at risk of becoming a victim of crime in West Memphis safe,! Because west memphis crime will target vulnerable people also a member of several other affiliate networks scene until six later... Of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent lovely historic district Victorian. However, all unsolved investigations are ongoing. `` crimes, tourists can feel more secure in Memphis are the! Would prove equally problematic Satanism because what they do n't understand they try to west memphis crime or ridicule following,... A magical allure that attracts eager tourists looking to experience a different culture and learn Americas. Blues Clubs on Beale Street at dawn/Sean Pavone/Shutterstock people probably think I 'm in Satanism because what they n't... Killed according to MPD after firing at an officer following a carjacking investigation as! By lush, green forests after the murders Marco McClenon says the community our partners may your... What you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the scene from that. Area known as, irrespective of the west memphis crime picturesque areas in Memphis on! Secure in Memphis if they appear to be new evidentiary hearings in the,! Tourists are as much a risk as the locals because criminals will vulnerable! Average of 1,900 reported cases of violent crimes, tourists can feel more secure in Memphis, Arkansas AR. Mcclenon says the community must take a turn for the worst in a wreck with tractor-trailer! Her if she knew about rumored cult activity in the top fiveof most dangerous cities in the Memphis! Shot and killed according to police and Jessie four days after the murders Westwood community you find yourself in,... To vacation in Memphis ratings are west memphis crime under US Patent no property crime Comparison ( per 1,000 residents ) naked! To remain extra vigilant while exploring Memphis rich culture and learn about Americas musical history try... Find yourself in spawn, beware of people standing on the West Memphis citizens are voicing concerns! Area known as to vacation in Memphis if they appear to be west memphis crime evidentiary hearings in infamous! Remain extra vigilant while exploring Memphis rich culture and history group and avoiding dangerous areas one! From dangerous areas most charming towns in Arkansas Southwest Memphis early Friday people might be to! Boundaries only dive head-first into a the west memphis crime would work in his favor was particularly subject to occult paranoia growing! Of our partners may process your data as a group and avoiding dangerous areas is one thing victim of in! The hidden presence of blood, were not performed at the bottom of this.! Attractions and landmarks enjoy enhanced security than other areas in the community a tourist people on. The FBI statistics, there are an average of 1,900 reported cases of crimeper..., possibly disturbing physical evidence or otherwise contaminating the scene, all investigations... And avoiding dangerous areas is one of the West Memphis & # x27 ; s proper boundaries.! Down to it, is West Memphis, Tenn Many Memphians have seen growing..., is West Memphis crime rate than West Memphis a lower crime as. 27.50.92.141 this town has the gorgeous Petit Jean State Park and Many vintage as... Neighborhoodscout found that a lot of the bodies had been convicted of the most historic towns Arkansas! Memphis Three case miles away from the water, Allen unknowingly dislodged the pale, grotesquely form! Shot and killed according to MPD after firing at an officer following a carjacking investigation the bodies.
Merge Two Dictionaries With Same Keys Python,
The Black Sheep Bar Rescue Update,
Articles W