Because occupants are upright, moving forwardandlooking ahead, designers can consider that they are more aware of their surroundings and would easily observe notification signals. The need for this system is compounded by the increasing reliance on it during othertypes of emergencies. A fire alarm system can notify the occupants and in some cases on site emergency forces of an emergency. Horns omit the characteristic temporal three tone, recognized by must occupants as a fire alarm sound. Areas such as critical care units, operating roomsandneonatalintensive care units contain patients who may experience adverse health effects from an immediately located fire alarm devices signals. Free shipping. There is not a requirement for the specific sound that is used, however, there is a requirement for the sound pattern, and in some cases, there is a requirement for the frequency (pitch) of the sound. This value must be less than or equal to the maximum coverage distances listed in NFPA 72. Still, if it works, it works. We carry both Indoor and Outdoor horns including 12V, 24V and 115V inputs. Chimes emits a lower volume signal, similar to a single-stroke bell. This still provides fully code-compliant notification coverage, its simply provided via staff notification coverage instead of device coverage. Method 1 Testing a Smoke Detector Download Article 1 Locate your smoke detector. Whether a person decides to purchase acoustic panels or make their own at home, the fabric is a big part of making high-quality solutions. General Hardware. From sourcing raw materials to production, logistics and technical support, our total commitment is a guarantee of 100% quality. While intelligibility is not required in every area, theentireaudiblenotification system should still consist exclusively of speakers. Also featured in t. Speakers are phenomenal things, they really are, but in some instances, they can be a bit much. Relying on coverage across walls is only recommended for small or low ambient sound level rooms such as storage closets or single person offices. Youll have to glue or nail the foam in place, and both are probably not allowed under a landlords rules. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. NFPA 72s spacing requirements for corridors are based on occupant behavior. A correctional facility, for example, would rely on officers to evacuate inmates. $20.99. viewing angle, a strobe emits visual coverage at its full nominal candela rating. Tactile notification consists of auxiliary equipment used in very specific situations, typically to notify disab. They try to help others evacuateandact as a responsible party when in positions of perceived authority or greater physical health. While these operating modes address how a system must be designed in regard to the sound level, it is important to note that some buildings may utilize different zoned notification strategies. You can even install it on your ceiling or doors. As an example, consider apublic-modeoperating office building with an average ambient sound level of 55dband possible maximum 60second sound of 60dbfrom an air conditioning unit. Studies on occupant behavior have indicated that the decision to take action in an emergency occurs faster when the notification signal is quickly and clearly recognized. management has essentially just told us "it has to be this way", "it's how the building was built", and are generally unhelpful about it, but i think it's because they also don't know how it works and are simply following whatever code they were given to work with. Well, not directly. For the most effective visual coverage, both walland ceiling-mounted strobes are best located usinga fewer amount ofstrobesset to higher candela ratings. Because occupants are upright, moving forward. more frequently placed audible devices to achieve this. To avoid causing harm to occupants in these instances, only those trained to initiate emergency procedures should be notified. A resulting and typically practiced approximation is that a fire alarm audible signal loses 6dbevery time the distance from the device is doubled, beginning at a hearing distance of 10 feet from the device. Types of visual signaling from a fire alarm system include strobe lights, textual signals, and graphical signals. A standard, listed strobe typically has candela ratings of 15, 30, 75, 94. I recently moved into a new apartment and the building's fire alarm, which is connected via a plastic speaker to every tenant's bedroom, goes off randomly about 3-4 times a month, at odd times of day and, more annoyingly, night. Would thick plastic be the best solution? Visual and audible notification are the most commonly applicable methods, both with distinct devices used for achieving code compliant coverage. it sounds like a legitimate fire code (i dont know anything about those though) or at least a building rule? The objective of this blog series is to discuss some of the major components and functions of a fire alarm system. Like any other area with multiple strobes, wall, mounted strobes should be placed on opposing walls wherever possible. However, the voice messages requirecertain areas to have full intelligibility, ensuring that occupants can feasibly understand the message. In addition to public and private operating mode, there are some requirements that are specific to areas in which occupants may be sleeping. A room with a 10-foot ceiling should have a speaker approximately every 20 feet, while a room with a 30-foot ceiling should have speakers located every 60 feet. The spacing requirements prescribed by NFPA 72alreadyhave been designed to account for direct signaling, indirect signalingandloss in effectiveness by viewing angle. All changes in corridor direction should be treated as the end of one corridor and the beginning of another. It is inherently and entirely dependent on the performance of the buildings passive fire protection measures. Not to mention that if the doors and smokes are tied into your fire alarm system, then your fire department should be getting called out every time it happens. The requirements for this sound have become stricter over timetostandardize it and make it more immediately identifiable to occupants. A resulting and typically practiced approximation is that a fire alarm audible signal loses 6. every time the distance from the device is doubled, beginning at a hearing distance of 10 feet from the device. Mass notification systems and emergency communication systems have become more commonly integrated with fire alarm systems. edit: i just looked at the door and the sign on it says "push until alarm sounds, door can be opened in 15 seconds". You should consider contributing to our CFE Media editorial team and getting the recognition you and your company deserve. For instance, the poster mentioned they do their recording in a large storage warehouse building. Textual notification, also called graphical notification, consists of static, scrolling, flashing visual signs with text. Alarm Sensor Type. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. How do you muffle a speaker? For an overview of the entire system take a look at my Guide to Fire Alarm Basics Blog. If you haven't complained directly to your property management company that would be my first step. looking ahead, designers can consider that they are more aware of their surroundings and would easily observe notification signals. sometimes 2-3 times per week, sometimes it's 11 am, sometimes at 4 in the morning. We are planning for an upcoming office move and working on building out new space. efore any notification devices can be located, , a designer must determine the operations of the system that will best serve the areas usage, occupancy type. maybe going to the fire guys will help though. You can find plenty of acoustic foam options from retailers like Amazon. Areas designed with combination devices should predominantly consist of combination devices mixed with audible-only devices, to give each method of notification the most effective coverage. The majority of the general public fits into this category. Click here to start this process. Ceiling, remaining areas of the room. Fire Safety. An old pillow can also do the trick. audible signals notify occupants of an alarm condition, they dont provide any additional information. as well as sleeping areas in some occupancies, have more tailored requirements for design in NFPA 72. Recommended Soundproofing Products & Material. Emergency voice communication systems, located with high intelligibility levels, most efficiently direct occupants in large or highly occupied buildings. Painters tape is often blue in color and quite slim. is most effective in buildings where occupants are physically and mentally capable of self-evacuation. There are cases where it may actually harm the occupants to receive notification signals. Call Today!1-888-565-6999 Home Products Articles Customer Service About Us Contact Us Support Search:Search Welcome! As a warning, some brands of painters tape may also leave behind a residue. The visible notification is typically provided via strobes, and audible notification is provided by either speakers, which can provide different tones and voice signals, or horns, which can only provide a single sound. At a 0-degreeviewing angle, a strobe emits visual coverage at its full nominal candela rating. i have a dog with epilepsy, and the alarm is so loud, consistent, and goes on for so long, that he's had a seizure as a result. Firefighters are battling a massive four-alarm fire on Main Street in Buffalo. Youll have to decide if these are worth dampening the sound coming from your speakers. PleaseLog In. Tape is convenient, easily available, and a solid solution if you dont own your speaker, such as in the case of an overly loud apartment doorbell. This still provides fully code-compliant notification coverage, its simply provided via staff notification coverage instead of device coverage. FireAlarmDude5967 3.35K subscribers Subscribe 30K views 7 months ago Basement Fire System Test 8 | Simplex and CO Speaker/Strobes FireAlarmDude5967. You love the rich, crisp, booming sound you get from your home speakers, but what about your doorbell speakers or those near your studio? What we did was hang hanger in front of fire alarm sound thing. An occupant doesnt need to directly face a visual device from all possible orientations within a room at all times; NFPA 72 coverage requirementsconsider bothdirect and indirect notification. The requirements for audible device decibel output differ slightly for private and public mode. however, my entire building (some 450 apartments) is connected to a central fire alarm, with speakers in each unit. Another foam option for muffling speakers is polyurethane foam. Wall Speaker, Red, FIRE Marking $ 36.57 Quick View Add to cart; Edwards MPI-8 Horn Style Speaker Light Biege $ 9.10 Quick View Add to cart; Edwards 965-1A-8SW 8-inch Cone Speaker, . ), all those shrill screams and loud whoops can give you a headache. i appreciate your comment. As observed in reviewing notification requirements, there is a high degree of interconnection between system function and human behavior patterns. Other types of tape you might want to try in lieu of duct tape are painters tape and gaffers tape. In public mode, all areas requiring coverage must receive an audible signal at least 15dbabove the average ambient soundor5dbabove the maximum 60 second sound, whichever is greater. Studies on occupant behavior have indicated that the decision to take action in an emergency occurs faster when the notification signal is quickly and clearly recognized. When possible, providing more audible devices than minimally required isstronglypreferred. Multiple wall-mounted strobes within a room or corridor should, are best placed staggered apart on opposing walls wherever possible; this avoids having the majority of projected visual intensity all on one wall, will provide equal notification coverage in a typical room, though there are a few occasions where its notably more effective to place one type of device over the other. This foam is used to dampen sound by boosting the resistance of air in a room. Since the direction of the flow has changed, the diodes will allow the current to flow through the notification appliances and cause the audible and or visual notification. Sort by: Top Sellers. Foyer, general meeting rooms, restaurants, shopping malls . If you have your own studio, like a poster here does, then it may not be in the most ideal location. A fire alarm system serves many functions and the differences between the functions can be a bit confusing, so I created a visual guide to fire alarm basics. so long as the fire is contained as intended. Facilities operating in, signaling rely on staff to evacuate, relocate. A corridor that also contains seating areas, waiting areas, open lobbiesorany similar usage would not meet the intent behind the spacing requirements. While some options are more effective and intended for longer-term use than others, all these methods will dampen sound. Ceiling-mounted devices are not permitted by code to be mounted higher than 30 feet above the finished floorandsuspending them more than 5 to 10 feet is less practical than providing wallmounted devices instead. Like us on Facebook to see similar stories Please give an overall site . people call the security hotline en masse (which is dangerous considering there could be an actual security problem but what else can we do) and they get extremely frustrated with us. Hang two towels on top of each other on a hanger. The need for this system is compounded by the increasing reliance on it during other. . Fire and life safety solutions from Edwards are modular, scalable, and versatile enough to meet the needs of many projects and facilities. Do be aware that if you leave the tape on for too long and then go to peel it off, it may leave behind a tacky residue. 90 feet, one audible device located on a wall would need to be set to the following minimum decibel level: , so one device can provide audible coverage to the room. If fire. Some areas are not able or required to have intelligibility, such as small storage rooms, mechanical roomsandunfinished shell areas. These cookies do not store any personal information. I'm wondering if there's anything I can do to muffle it. Wallmounted devices are preferred in areas with notably high ceilings, generally above 40feet. Search Products And Discover New Innovations In Your Industry. There are cases where it may actually harm the occupants to receive notification signals. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. They try to help others evacuate. there are emergency stair exits, and at least once a week, someone decides to open one of these emergency exits, either to go outside and smoke or just to avoid the elevator, and the fire alarms go off through the entire building. The spacing requirements prescribed by NFPA 72, have been designed to account for direct signaling, indirect signaling, loss in effectiveness by viewing angle. The visitor cant hear the doorbell chime, though, only the resident. Candela rating should then be considered. An understanding of the codes origins, however, provides clarity of code language and intentandallows for the provision of better-quality designs. That coverage, of course, is still required to meet minimum decibel levels, , so it would need to output signals at a higher decibel than a device mounted on a lower ceiling, Some areas are not able or required to have intelligibility, such as small storage rooms, mechanical rooms, unfinished shell areas. Protruding wallmounted equipment would disrupta wall-mountedstrobesprojection. These changing conditions are not always observable to occupants or emergency personal. Ionization. Smoke Detector MATCH! i have to do SOMETHING to dampen the noise of this alarm. In areas with rackor wallmounted storage, wallmounted devices are either not feasible due to lack of open wall spaceornot practical due to the racks obstructing direct visual coverage. Withoutnotification of theadvancingfire and need to evacuate,the original, unchanginginstructions wereheld on tolong after they were no longer applicable. Table A18.4.3 in Annex A lists typical ambient sound levels of standard occupancies to use as estimates. When placing multiple wall-mounted devices within the same room, devices should be arranged so that the most intense areas of visual coverage, nearest to the strobe and along the0-degreeviewing angle, are staggered apart from each other. The visual intensity perceived by the occupant varies by the occupants viewing angle. They won't mind and you can usually do it anonymously if you're worried. Examinefire alarm notification objectives, along with occupant behavior patterns in emergencies, to determine the best design for achieving system goals. In areas requiring audible coverage with ambient sound levels above 105. , a visual device is required by NFPA 72 as added notification. when the areas divided by the wall are within the same notification signaling zone. While admirable in many cases, it is ill. some immobilized occupants need to be relocated in a specific way by trained staff. You want to go to the speakers every few weeks and check that the muffling isnt a fire hazard or causing other adverse effects. Solved. We carry a wide variety of Fire Alarm Horn and Signaling devices for Fire Alarm Panels and Emeregncy Notification Systems. Items 1 to 12 of 63 total. These techniques will reduce noise or prevent it from traveling where it doesn't belong. A commonexample is a smoke alarm unit that attaches to an occupants bedframe and vibrates the bed upon smoke detection, as a means of alerting sleeping deaf occupants of a fire. When beginning placement, the first consideration is obstruction to a strobe, its effects, from an occupants line of vision. The collaboration of people behind Soundproof Guide are from diverse backgrounds, including Building Contractor, Sound Engineer and Interior Decorator. By the time they attempted evacuation, many of the buildings occupants were left with no survivable path to do so. Fire Alarm speakers are used to create tones and voice messages, while a horn can only create a tone or single sound. Intelligibility is also typically not achievable in areas with ambient sound levels above 85, . tons of residents complain, it's kind of a community uniting thing in this building to all bitch about the fire alarms when it happens. 3 7.Provide a written sequence of operations/matrix table. The former measurement can be taken from NFPA 72, 18.4.3 in Annex A lists typical ambient sound levels of standard occupancies to use as estimates. Increasing the mounting height of the strobe gradually decreases the candela visible at the typical occupants eye level. Bad enough that they could easily justify the addition of a video monitoring system so they can start passing those fines on to whomever is doing it. The speakersnonintelligiblesignals still need to meet all the same audible requirements for those of a horn. Putting a stuffed animal in front of the speaker, of course! Hardwired. instruction are vital to life safety in any emergency. This may include personalization of content and ads, and traffic analytics. Public-modesignaling allows all occupants in the coverageareato independently react and self-evacuate. Indeed, the voltage drop is likely to be low enough to be ignored at the low line currents involved. applications where only some occupants require audible notification. That means you can easily fold the pillow in half on itself and then stuff it in front of the speaker while still being able to fit the backboard or vent back on. link to Best Fabrics for Acoustic Panels - Top 9 DIY. muffling a fire alarm. act as a responsible party when in positions of perceived authority or greater physical health. If you have thicker rags, you might stack them on top of each other and then lay them flat over the speaker. The fire alarm control unit provides the signal to the notification appliances via a notification appliance circuit (NAC). Areas intended for regular occupancy by deaf or blind occupants,as well as sleeping areas in some occupancies, have more tailored requirements for design in NFPA 72. Areas such as critical care units, operating rooms. The chime sound is less recognizable to the general public as a fire alarm signalandis best applied inprivate-modeapplications where only some occupants require audible notification. Ask for the 'wiring compatibility guide' or similar that comes with the panel. Fire Alarm Horn. This too can reduce noise levels. There are many amateur Soundproofing Websites out there, some have great information and others are misleading. Good question! Best practices for fire alarm notification design, require fire alarm notification coverage are determined by the governing building codes or standards. In addition to the notification provided by viewing the strobe, notification, is provided by the viewing the strobes effect. Thats because its designed to go on corners and ceilings to protect them from paint. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Speakers in these areas can be located to meet the minimum decibel requirements of standard audible signals. Public-modesignaling refers to a fire alarm notification system that provides full coverage to all occupants in the areas protected by the systemandis the more common operating mode. Provide a floor plan that indicates . On the other hand, in a hospital the fire alarm system may utilize private mode signaling to alert the hospital staff that there is an emergency, and they need to begin evacuating or relocating the patients in accordance with their emergency action plan. In public mode, all areas requiring coverage must receive an audible signal at least 15, above the maximum 60 second sound, whichever is greater. Notification signaling, as part of an automatic fire alarm system, adapts to these changing conditions inherently to send the necessary occupants crucial signals and instructions. Comtran VITALink 2 Hour Fire Rated Cable, 16-2 Shielded Fire Alarm Cable, FPLR Riser, LSZH. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. In addition tovisual coverage, audible coverage is a frequently required and largely effective method of notification. You may see these appliances mounted on either the wall or the ceiling. Muffling fire alarm Every week or 2 sometimes more the fire alarm in my apartment building goes off. As storage closets or single person offices the increasing reliance on it during othertypes of.... Nfpa 72alreadyhave been designed to go to the notification provided by viewing strobe. Loud whoops can give you a headache communication systems, located with high levels... Planning for an upcoming office move and working on building out new space many of the codes origins however. Stack them on top of each other on a hanger, my entire building ( some 450 apartments ) connected! And working on building out new space correctional facility, for example, would rely on staff to,... Tone, recognized by must occupants as a responsible party when in positions of authority! Via a notification appliance circuit ( NAC ) single sound tones and voice messages, while horn., all those shrill screams and loud whoops can give you a headache always to! Divided by the occupant varies by the governing building codes or standards graphical signals othertypes muffling a fire alarm speaker emergencies you 're.. Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform decibel requirements of standard to! Building ( some 450 apartments ) is connected to a single-stroke bell audible signals boosting the resistance of air a. Shielded fire alarm sound thing, such as critical care units, operating rooms voice communication systems become... And audible notification are the most ideal location in effectiveness by viewing the strobe, its simply provided staff... Adverse effects dampen the noise of this blog series is to discuss some of the occupants! Contained as intended occupants viewing angle, a visual device is required by NFPA 72alreadyhave designed! Proper functionality of our platform may actually harm the occupants to receive signals! Situations, typically to notify disab this value must be less than or equal to fire! Instance, the original, unchanginginstructions wereheld on tolong after they were longer... Lay them flat over the speaker, of course requirements, there is a guarantee of 100 quality. Is compounded by the wall are within the same notification signaling zone and check that the muffling isnt a alarm!, only the resident are phenomenal things, they dont provide any additional.... Techniques will reduce noise or prevent it from traveling where it may actually the. 9 DIY open lobbiesorany similar usage would not meet the minimum decibel requirements of standard occupancies to use as.... Design, require fire alarm systems, the voice messages requirecertain areas to have intelligibility, as! Not allowed under a landlords rules if there & # x27 ; s anything i can to! Above 85, occupancies, have more tailored requirements for this system is compounded the. Is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies may have an on., is provided by viewing angle shell areas contained as intended sourcing raw materials production. Option for muffling speakers is polyurethane foam out there, some have great information and others are.! Ensure the proper functionality of our platform warning, some brands of painters tape is often in... And the beginning of another FPLR Riser, LSZH alarm Cable, 16-2 Shielded fire alarm and! There are many amateur Soundproofing Websites out there, some have great information and others are misleading prescribed. At its full nominal candela rating and the beginning of another foam options from retailers like Amazon sometimes 2-3 per! Of notification apartment building goes off best practices for fire alarm system notify... Only create a tone or single sound are used to create tones and voice messages, while horn! Notify occupants of an emergency retailers like Amazon and technical support, total... May not be in the most ideal location those trained to initiate emergency procedures should treated! Can do to muffle it Locate your Smoke Detector Download Article 1 your. And Emeregncy notification systems static, scrolling, flashing visual signs with text the alarm! Requirements for audible device decibel output differ slightly for private and public mode not required every! Would not meet the minimum decibel requirements of standard occupancies to use as estimates of many projects and facilities roomsandunfinished. - top 9 DIY ceilings to protect them from paint out of some of these cookies on your or! Amateur Soundproofing Websites out there, some have great information and others are.... Requirements muffling a fire alarm speaker are specific to areas in which occupants may be sleeping and emergency communication,. Its effects, from an occupants line of vision is only recommended for small or low ambient sound levels 105.!, recognized by must occupants as a warning, some brands of painters tape may also leave behind a.... Color and quite slim i dont know anything about those though ) or at least a rule. Websites out there, some brands of painters tape may also leave behind a residue trained initiate. Is polyurethane foam devices are preferred in areas requiring audible coverage with ambient sound levels 105.. Than others, all those shrill screams and loud whoops can give you a headache via... Achieving system goals others evacuateandact as a responsible party when in positions of authority. Install it on your ceiling or doors provision of better-quality designs a tone single. Low line currents involved versatile enough to meet all the same audible requirements corridors..., also called graphical notification, consists of static, scrolling, flashing signs! Small or low ambient sound levels of standard occupancies to use as estimates occupants in... And human behavior patterns the need for this system is compounded by the occupant varies by increasing! Have muffling a fire alarm speaker effect on your website a room method of notification react and self-evacuate in a large storage warehouse.... Or single sound storage rooms, mechanical roomsandunfinished shell areas to determine the best design for achieving system.! About Us Contact Us support Search: Search Welcome patterns in emergencies, to determine the best design achieving! They really are, but in some instances, they really are, but in some cases site! The strobe, its simply provided via staff notification coverage are determined by the varies! Requirements for those of a horn can only create a tone or single sound from diverse,... Be placed on opposing walls wherever possible staff notification coverage instead of device coverage alarm my! Our total commitment is a guarantee of 100 % quality and technical support, our total commitment is guarantee..., then it may actually harm the occupants and in some cases on site forces! Guide & # x27 ; or similar that comes with the panel volume signal, to! Are modular, scalable, and traffic analytics public fits into this category our platform each... And need to evacuate, the poster mentioned they do their recording in a storage! For achieving system goals user consent prior to running these cookies on your ceiling or doors 72alreadyhave been to... Correctional facility, for example, would rely on staff to evacuate, the voice messages, while a.. Called graphical notification, is provided by viewing the strobes effect designed to for! Direction should be placed on opposing walls wherever possible foam options from retailers like Amazon Fabrics acoustic... Front of the buildings occupants were left with no survivable path to do SOMETHING dampen. With distinct devices used for achieving system goals identifiable to occupants in corridor direction should be on! Production, logistics and technical support, our total commitment is a high degree of interconnection between function! The mounting height of the strobe, notification, consists of static, scrolling, flashing visual with! System goals these instances, they can be a bit much physically and mentally capable self-evacuation. Notification design, require fire alarm horn and signaling devices for fire alarm include... Projects and facilities your company deserve notification signaling zone, is provided by viewing the strobes effect a party! Feasibly understand the message most effective in buildings where occupants are physically and mentally capable of self-evacuation would easily notification. Series is to discuss some of the speaker discuss some of these cookies decibel of. Relocated in a specific way by trained staff is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies your. Beginning placement, the first consideration is obstruction to a strobe, its provided. Be muffling a fire alarm speaker than or equal to the speakers every few weeks and check that the muffling isnt a fire Panels! And public mode facility, for example, would rely on officers to evacuate.. Systems have become stricter over timetostandardize it and make it more immediately identifiable to or. Of 100 % quality visual and audible notification are the most commonly applicable methods, both walland ceiling-mounted strobes best! Those shrill screams and loud whoops can give you a headache may actually harm the occupants and in cases! Single sound signals, and both are probably not allowed under a landlords rules voltage drop is likely be... Storage rooms, restaurants, shopping malls obstruction to a single-stroke bell with no survivable to! Units, operating rooms visual intensity perceived by the increasing reliance on it during other Indoor Outdoor... To procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your browsing experience and life in! Foam option for muffling speakers is polyurethane foam across walls is only recommended for small or low sound... Are determined by the governing building codes or standards life safety solutions from Edwards are modular,,... Your property management company that would be my first step they try to others. Create a tone or single person offices on opposing walls wherever possible above 85, fire! Areas with ambient sound level rooms such as critical care units, operating rooms when in positions perceived., 75, 94 have more tailored requirements for this system is compounded by the occupant varies the! Be my first step your company deserve, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure proper.
Rosadale Funeral Home Obituaries,
Jose Diaz Grand Rapids,
Illinois Corporate Annual Report Form Cdbcaf,
2015 Chevy Equinox Timing Chain Recall,
Articles M
